餐厨发酵物料在草莓基质栽培中的应用研究  

Research on the application of kitchen waste fermented materials in strawberry substrate cultivation

作　　者：毛瑞璠 毕江涛 贾渊超[1] 刘鹏 李文兵 惠治兵 MAO Ruifan;BI Jiangtao;JIA Yuanchao;LIU Peng;LI Wenbing;HUI Zhibing(School of Agriculture,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021;Breeding Base for State Key Lab of Land Degradation and Ecological Restoration in Northwestern China,Yinchuan 750021;Key Lab of Restoration and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystems in Northwestern China of Ministry of Education,Yinchuan 750021;School of Ecology and Environment,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学农学院,银川750021 [2]西北土地退化与生态恢复国家重点实验室培育基地,银川750021 [3]西北退化生态系统恢复与重建教育部重点实验室,银川750021 [4]宁夏大学生态环境学院,银川750021

出　　处：《安徽农业大学学报》2023年第1期71-77,共7页Journal of Anhui Agricultural University

基　　金：宁夏回族自治区重点研发项目(2020BFG02001)资助。

摘　　要：针对餐厨垃圾固废资源化利用不足的问题,将餐厨垃圾固液分离后的固相部分经高温好氧发酵制备餐厨发酵物料,研究其在草莓(Fragaria×ananassa Duch.)栽培中的应用效果。以餐厨发酵物料、草炭、蛭石和珍珠岩作为复配基质原料,根据不同比例进行复配并得到CK、T1、T2、T3、T4和T5共6组处理。研究发现随餐厨发酵物料比例升高,不同复配基质的有机质(OM)、碱解氮(AN)、有效磷(AP)和速效钾(AK)养分含量显著增长;草莓植株生长状况以T2和T3效果最好,与CK相比,草莓植株的叶柄长最高增加7.01%,分支数最高增加10.34%,叶面积最高增加7.80%,冠幅最高增加12.85%,有效叶片数最高增加6.73%;餐厨发酵物料在草莓品质改善方面有显著作用,与CK相比,T1—T5草莓单株产量最高增加11.14%,平均单果重最高增加6.27%,可溶性糖含量最高增加4.11%,可溶性固形物增加最高3.71%,VC含量最高增加25.52%。主成分分析法对草莓生长、产量和品质指标进行综合得分评价结果表明,T3处理配方(餐厨发酵物料30%、草炭35%、珍珠岩17.5%和蛭石17.5%)的效果最好,餐厨发酵物料作为复配基质原料具有良好的资源化利用价值。Aiming at the problem of insufficient resource utilization of kitchen solid waste,the solid phase part after solid-liquid separation of kitchen waste was subjected to high-temperature aerobic fermentation to prepare kitchen waste fermentation material,and its effect in strawberry cultivation was studied.The kitchen fermented material,peat,vermiculite and perlite were used as the compound matrix raw materials.After compounding the raw materials,6 groups of treatments,including CK,T1,T2,T3,T4 and T5,were obtained.The result showed that:with the increase of the proportion of kitchen waste fermentation materials,the nutrient contents of organic matter(OM),alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen(AN),available phosphorus(AP) and available potassium(AK) in different compound matrices increased significantly;T2 and T3 had the best effect on the growth of strawberry plants.Compared with CK,the petiole length of strawberry plants,the number of branches,the leaf area,the crown width and the maximum number of effective leaves increased the highest by 7.01%,10.34%,7.80%,12.85% and 6.73%,respectively;kitchen waste fermentation materials had a significant role in improving the quality of strawberries,as compared with CK,the yield per plant of T1-T5 strawberries increased by 11.14%,and the highest increase rate of the average fruit weight,the soluble sugar content,the souble solid content and the VC content was 6.27%,4.11%,3.71% and 25.52%,correspondingly.Through the principal component analysis method,the comprehensive score evaluation of the strawberry growth,yield and quality indicators showed that the T3 treatment formula(30% of the kitchen waste fermentation material,35% of peat,17.5% of perlite,and 17.5%of vermiculite) had the best effect.In conclusion,the kitchen waste fermentation material has a good resource utilization value as the compound matrix material.

关 键 词：餐厨发酵物料 资源化利用 草莓 复配基质 生长性状 产量和品质 主成分分析 

分 类 号：S668.4[农业科学—果树学] X799.3[农业科学—园艺学]