知识型劳动、生产资料网络化与平台资本积累模式  

Knowledge-based Labor, Networked Means of Production and Platform Capital Accumulation Model

作　　者：苏立君[1] 王俊[2] Su Li-jun;Wang Jun(School of Economics,Nankai University,Tianjin 300071;School of Economics,Tianjin University of Commerce,Tianjin 300134)

机构地区：[1]南开大学经济学院,天津300071 [2]天津商业大学经济学院,天津300134

出　　处：《经济纵横》2023年第3期35-43,共9页Economic Review Journal

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“平台经济全球化下国际垄断资本的特性及行为规律研究”(编号:22CJL026)的成果。

摘　　要：知识型劳动是劳动者为创造新的生产能力而从事的科学研究和技术开发活动,是连接科学与直接生产过程的中介。知识型劳动具有生产性、倍乘性与稀缺性等多重属性,也就是说,资本家雇佣的知识型劳动力既可以生产剩余价值,也能够帮助资本家从全社会的总剩余价值中分配更多份额。在平台资本主义条件下,平台资本支配知识型劳动力构建“中心—非中心”生产资料网络,达成剩余价值生产与实现的网络化。平台资本与产业资本之间就此形成了协作关系。但是,它们之间更多的是围绕剩余价值分配展开的竞争关系。数字平台具有规模效应和网络效应,使平台资本具有天然的垄断倾向。当平台资本扩张至完全掌握剩余价值实现的决定权之时,即垄断性占有网络中心节点的生产资料时,就可以控制整个社会的剩余价值。此时,在平台资本攫取的剩余价值中,依靠垄断势力从产业资本手中转移的剩余价值占比更高。而垄断势力的确立需要知识型劳动力,因此,资本之间竞争的背后是知识型劳动力之间的竞争。当平台资本控制剩余价值分配时,会对产业资本的积累形成抑制,最终对全社会的技术创新和知识型劳动力的再生产形成阻碍。Knowledge-based labor is the scientific research and technological development activities that laborers engage in to create new production capacity, and it is an intermediary that connects science and direct production processes. Knowledge-based labor has multiple attributes, such as productivity, multiplication and scarcity. In other words, the knowledge-based labor employed by capitalists can not only produce surplus value, but also help capitalists distribute more shares from the total surplus value of the whole society. In the platform economy, platform capital dominates knowledge-based labor to construct a “central-non-central” means of production network, realizing the networking of surplus value production and realization. In this regard, a collaborative relationship has been formed between platform capital and industrial capital. However, they are more of a competitive relationship around the distribution of surplus value. Due to the scale effect and network effect of digital platforms, platform capital has a natural tendency to monopolize. When the platform capital expands to fully control the decision to realize the surplus value, that is, when it monopolizes the production materials of the network center node, it can control the surplus value of the entire society. At this time, among the surplus value captured by platform capital, the surplus value transferred from industrial capital based on monopoly power accounts for a higher proportion, but the establishment of monopoly power requires knowledge-based labor. Behind the competition among capitals is the competition among knowledge-based labor. When platform capital controls the distribution of surplus value, it will inhibit the accumulation of industrial capital, and ultimately hinder the technological innovation of the whole society and the reproduction of knowledge-based labor.

关 键 词：复杂劳动 知识型劳动 平台资本 生产资料网络 

分 类 号：F49[经济管理—产业经济]