乡村人才振兴下人力资本回流特征与政策优化  

Characteristics of Human Capital Return and Policy Optimization under the Revitalization of Rural Talents

作　　者：孙贺[1] 马丽娟 Sun He;Ma Li-juan(School of Marxism,Jilin University,Changchun Jilin 130012)

机构地区：[1]吉林大学马克思主义学院,吉林长春130012

出　　处：《经济纵横》2023年第3期112-119,共8页Economic Review Journal

基　　金：吉林省科学技术厅创新发展战略研究项目“吉林省农业农村现代化一体推进对策研究”(编号:20210601041FG);吉林省发改委创新发展战略研究项目“巩固脱贫攻坚成果推动吉林乡村振兴研究”(编号:2021FGWCXNLJSCX11);吉林大学基本科研业务费项目“中国城镇化进程中的民生缺失问题及应对策略”(编号:2017BS002)的成果。

摘　　要：人力资本是乡村振兴的基础性、关键性因素。改革开放以来,伴随工业化和城镇化的快速推进,农村人力资本出现积累迟滞、增量流失、结构失衡、质量不高等多重困境,乡村振兴面临较大的人力资本缺口。推动城市人力资本向农村流动是化解农村人力资本缺口的重要路径。对此,需要从顶层政策设计高度,完善畅通人力资本回流的体制机制,构建贯通人力资本流向农村的全域、全流程政策框架体系,探索推动人力资本流向农村的最优路径,确保人力资本“流得进、有业成、留得住、能沉淀”,实现农村人力资本从“外生”向“内生”转化,为推动乡村振兴提供坚实的人才支撑。Human capital is the foundation and driving force behind rural revitalization. With the rapid advancement of industrialization and urbanization since the reform and opening up, rural human capital has faced a number of dilemmas, including sluggish accumulation, incremental loss, structural imbalance, and low quality. A large human capital gap exists in rural revitalization. Promoting the flow of urban human capital to rural areas is a critical step toward closing the rural human capital gap. As a result, policies must be developed from the top down. We must improve the system and mechanisms for smoothing the return of human capital, create a global and whole-process policy framework system that runs through the flow of human capital to rural areas, investigate the best path to promote the flow of human capital to rural areas, ensure that human capital can “flow in, have a career, stay, and settle down”, realize the transformation of rural human capital from “exogenous” to “endogenous” and provide solid talent support for rural revitalization.

关 键 词：人力资本 乡村振兴 人力资本回流 乡村人才振兴 

分 类 号：F323[经济管理—产业经济]