列宁唯物主义思想的逻辑进程——基于“伯尔尼笔记”中列宁唯物主义改造黑格尔的研究  

On the Logical Process of Lenin's Materialist Thought:Based on Lenin's Research on Hegel's Upside-down Transformation in Bernese Notes

作　　者：王晶 Wang Jing

机构地区：[1]南京大学哲学系,江苏南京210093

出　　处：《复印报刊资料（马克思列宁主义研究）》2022年第10期66-78,共13页MARXISM-LENINISM STUDIES

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目(21CKS023)。

摘　　要：“伯尔尼笔记”是研究列宁哲学思想的重要文本,其中列宁的唯物主义思想是研究者涉足列宁哲学思想的重要切入点。英国学者鲁本、美国学者杜娜叶夫斯卡娅以及法国学者阿尔都塞,分别从唯物主义反映论、主体辩证法以及“无主体的过程”角度,对“伯尔尼笔记”中列宁的唯物主义思想进行了解读。这些研究为进一步探索列宁的唯物主义思想提供了重要的思想资源,但它们却都忽视了实践在列宁唯物主义改造黑格尔哲学逻辑结构中的核心地位。列宁对黑格尔哲学的唯物主义改造可以从三个层次来理解:“物质第一性”的唯物主义改造;客观事物辩证法对概念辩证法的唯物主义改造;以实践为本质的唯物辩证法对黑格尔哲学逻辑的结构性颠倒。通过唯物主义改造黑格尔的辩证法,列宁实现了从直观反映论到辩证反映论的突破性发展;确证了实践在马克思新唯物主义中的本体论地位;从历史性的唯物主义视角出发,点明了《资本论》中唯物辩证法、历史唯物主义与政治经济学批判的统一。Bernese Notes is an important text for the study of Lenin's philosophical thought,and the materialism in it is an important entry point for researchers to get involved in Lenin's philosophical thought.British scholar Ruben,American scholar Duna Yevskaya,and French scholar Althusser,from the perspectives of materialistic reflection theory,subject dialectics,and"process without subject",interpret Lenin's materialist thought in Bernese Notes.These studies provide important ideological resources for us to further explore Lenin's materialist thought,but they all ignore the core position of practice in Lenin's materialist transformation of the logical structure of Hegel's philosophy.Lenin's materialist transformation of Hegel's philosophy can be understood from three levels:materialist transformation of"material first";the materialist transformation of objective dialectics to conceptual dialectics;materialist dialectics with practice as its essence reverses the structure of Hegel's philosophical logic.Through the transformation of Hegel's dialectics by materialism,Lenin realizes the breakthrough development from intuitive reflection theory to dialectical reflection theory.It confirms the ontological position of practice in Marx's new materialism.From the perspective of historical materialism,this paper points out the unity of materialist dialectics,historical materialism,and political economy criticism in Capital.

关 键 词：列宁 “伯尔尼笔记” 唯物主义 颠倒 实践 唯物辩证法 

分 类 号：B02[哲学宗教—哲学理论] A82