从列宁“遗嘱”引发的党内斗争看早期苏共党内制度建设的缺陷——兼对苏联解体30周年的反思  

Seeing the Defects of the Early CPSU's System Construction from the Inner-party Struggle Initiated by Lenin's"Wills":Reflections on the 30th Anniversary of the Disintegration of the Soviet Union

作　　者：冯华南 Feng Hunnan

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学国际关系学院,北京100872

出　　处：《复印报刊资料（世界社会主义运动）》2022年第2期26-34,共9页INTERNATIONAL SOCIALIST MOVEMENT

基　　金：2020年度国家社会科学基金特别委托项目(20@ZH011):苏联解体的教训与反思;中国人民大学科学研究基金(中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助)项目(21XNH046):列宁晚年对马克思主义国家观的再认识一基于对“政治遗属”的整体性考察。

摘　　要：回顾《给代表大会的信》和《我们怎样改组工农检察院》的主要内容和公布过程,可以发现斯大林和托洛茨基等人不断尝试利用列宁“遗嘱”为自己争取政治信任和党内权威,试图接收列宁逝世后释放的党内最高权力。这一现象既反映了早期苏共党内政治生态的恶化趋势,更凸显了其党内制度建设的缺陷,即缺乏健全的党内最高权力继承机制、有效的党内矛盾处理化解机制、完善的党内决策民主协商机制。在苏共亡党、苏联解体30周年与中国共产党建党100周年交汇之际,考察早期苏共党内政治生态乱象,反思苏共党内制度建设的缺陷,之于中国共产党坚持推进全面从严治党,加强党内制度建设,维护党内风清气正的政治生态,具有重要意义。Reviewing the main content and publication process of the Letter to the Congress and How We Reorganize the Workers'and Peasants'Procuratorate,we can find that Stalin,Trotsky and others are constantly trying to use Lenin's"wills"to gain political trust and internal party Authority,trying to receive the supreme power in the party released after Lenin's death.This inner-party struggle not only reflected the deterioration of the political ecology within the CPSU at that time,but also highlighted the defects of the party's system construction,that is,the lack of a sound mechanism for the succession of the supreme power within the party,an effective mechanism for handling and resolving contradictions,and a perfect mechanism for democratic consultation within the party for decision-making.Investigate the political ecological chaos in the early CPSU and reflect on the defects of the system construction within the CPSU,for the CPC to govern the party strictly,strengthen the construction of the party's system,and maintain a clean and upright political ecology within the party,are of great significance.

关 键 词：列宁“遗嘱” 苏联解体30周年 党内斗争 党内政治生态 党内制度建设 

分 类 号：D751.2[政治法律—政治学] A82[政治法律—中外政治制度]