作为共时系统和历时过程综合体的类型——西方类型电影经典研究思路考源  

The Genre Film as the Synthesis of Synchronic System and Diachronic Process:Investigating the Formation of the Classical Research Approach to Western Genre Films

作　　者：桂琳 Gui Lin

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院大学文学院,北京102488

出　　处：《复印报刊资料（影视艺术）》2022年第12期53-61,共9页MOVIE AND TELEVISION ART

基　　金：中国社会科学院大学新文科卓越研究项目(02011903820235)。

摘　　要：西方类型电影研究从“二战”后起步,通过早期巴赞西部片研究的先驱开拓,其间经过以托马斯·沙茨研究为代表的仅仅将类型作为共时系统带来的困境和启发,20世纪80年代之后逐渐形成一种将类型看作共时系统和历时过程综合体的研究思路。到20世纪90年代末,里克·奥尔特曼和史蒂夫·尼尔的代表性著作《电影类型》和《类型与好莱坞》几乎同时问世,标志着这种研究思路的成熟。这两本著作至今仍然是西方类型电影研究中引用率最高的文献,将类型电影看作共时系统和历时过程综合体展开研究由此成为经典思路。它的形成过程,是西方研究者对类型电影作为复杂研究对象的认识越来越清晰和深刻的选择,值得国内类型电影研究进行学习和借鉴。以类型这个复杂和多向度的研究对象为聚焦,还能够将很多的研究问题整合起来。在我们目前这个文艺与商业、科技、媒介等多种因素复杂交织的时代,类型研究还有很大的拓展空间。The study of Western genre films started after World War II,pioneered by Bazin who initiated the research of the genre of American westerns.In the 1970s,Thomas Schatz took genre only as a synchronic system,leading to predicaments.After the 1980s,an integrated approach came into being,upholding that genre films must be regarded as the synthesis of synchronic system and diachronic process.In the late 199Os,Film/Genre by Rick Altman and Hollywood Genres by Steve Neale were almost published at the same time,signifying the maturity of the integrated approach.Up till now,the two representative works have still been the most frequently cited books in the study of Western genre films,indicating that it is the classical approach to studying Western genre films from the dual perspectives of synchronic system and diachronic process.Its formation process is a clearer and more profound choice for western researchers to understand genre film as a complex research object,which can also shed light on China's genre film research.In the current era of intertwining factors of literature,arts,commerce,science,technology and media,the genre film research has still much room to expand.

关 键 词：共时系统 历时过程 综合体 类型电影 

分 类 号：J905[艺术—电影电视艺术]