我国中基层法院审级职能定位改革试点问题及完善路径——以S省法院为样本  

The Pilot Problem and Perfecting Path of the Reform of the Function Orientation of the Middle and Grassroots Courts in China—Taking the Courts in S Privince as an Example

作　　者：唐云阳 TANG Yunyang(Law School,Sichuan University,Chengdu 610000,China)

机构地区：[1]四川大学法学院,成都610000

出　　处：《四川轻化工大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第1期65-85,共21页Journal of Sichuan University of Science & Engineering：Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目(20AZD029)。

摘　　要：中基层法院审级职能定位是四级法院审级职能定位改革的重要支撑和基本组成。本次改革力图在中基层法院层面基本实现两审终审,并进一步发挥其在区域性治理中的司法延伸功能。在中基层法院受案情况的现状上,案件体量增长的实际现状虽然与预期判断存在一定出入,但增幅相对合理、质量稳定,案件数量变化总体符合预判,基层法院办案压力提升并不显著。在审级职能定位改革所面临的试点问题上,一方面,重难案下沉可能与基层法院审理能力及条件间、统一管辖标准下无差别下沉与地区差异间、行政案件下沉与地方行政干预间存在一定矛盾,可能会导致案件质量隐患;另一方面,中基层法院间的提级管辖仍存在部分操作难题,制约着中基层法院职能定位的有效落实,突出表现为:下报上案件的标准过于原则化不利于案件报送、部分下报上提案件存在需求错位与动力不足、内部请示制度的存续仍会压制提审制度的功能发挥等五个方面问题。在试点改革方案推行过程中,应当纠正“人案矛盾”职能定位主导、“案件无差别下沉”“高层级法院精装减负”的片面认知,突破部分狭隘的改革举措视野。在试点问题的具体完善建议上,一是要注意试点推进的总体方法,如完善中基层法院审级职能定位的具体规范,优化相关配套机制,提高司法人员的改革意识;二是要完善法律适用咨询机制,发挥其规范内部请示制度;三是要完善提级管辖案件运行机制,例如:提高中基层法院下报上提的积极性,强化特殊类型案件的识别机制。The function orientation of the trial level of the middle and grassroots courts is an important support and a basic composition of the reform of the judicial level function orientation of the four-level court.This reform tries to basically realize the final appeal of the second instance at the level of the middle and grassroots courts,and further give full play to its judicial extension function in the regional governance.In the situation of accepting cases in the middle and grassroots courts,although the actual situation of the increase of the volume of cases is different from the expected judgment,the increase rate is relatively reasonable and the quality is stable,the change of the number of cases is generally in line with the pre-judgment,and the pressure of handling cases at the grassroots courts is not significant.On the one hand,there may be some contradictions between the subsidence of serious and difficult cases and the trial capacity and conditions of grassroots courts,between the same subsidence and regional differences under the unified jurisdiction standard,and between the subsidence of administrative cases and local administrative intervention,which may lead to hidden dangers in the quality of cases.On the other hand,there are still some operational problems in the jurisdiction between the middle and grassroots courts,which restricts the effective implementation of the functional orientation of the middle and grassroots courts,which is manifested in five aspects:The standard of the case reported on the lower level is not conducive to the submission of the case,the lack of demand and motivation,and the continuation of the internal request system still suppresses the function of the trial system and so on.In the course of carrying out the pilot reform plan,we should correct the one-sided cognition of the function orientation of“contradiction between people and cases”,“cases transfer to the inferior without distinction”and“the hardcover and burden reduction of the higher courts”,so as to br

关 键 词：职能定位 基层法院 两审终审 人案矛盾 下报上提 配套保障 

分 类 号：D926.2[政治法律—法学]