城市经济学的一些理论问题  

Some Theoretical Problems of Urban Economics

作　　者：安虎森[1] An Husen

机构地区：[1]南开大学21世纪马克思主义研究院,天津300071

出　　处：《复印报刊资料（区域与城市经济）》2022年第1期26-36,共11页REGIONAL AND URBAN ECONOMY

摘　　要：城市经济学是空间经济学的重要的分支学科之一,主要研究城市形成、城市空间结构和城市社会结构问题。城市就是聚集力与分散力实现均衡时的空间状态。与人口聚集有关的聚集经济机制包括共享、匹配和学习,其共同特点是形成收益递增的生产函数。如果城市人口规模大,那么消费者要支付的土地成本和通勤成本就大,这样就形成了一种分散力。不同空间尺度上的这种聚集力和分散力,促使形成不同规模的城市以及不同类型的城市。如果从部门专业化角度解释城市体系,经济系统的专业化部门规模收益递增强度很大,城市数量少规模大;通勤成本很大,城市的规模小数量大。如果从劳动力技能的不同组合来解释城市体系,那么人口规模和人口结构的外部性、学习的外部性以及高低技能劳动力之间的互补促使形成各种规模和类型的城市。Urban economics is one of the important sub-disciplines of spatial economics,mainly studying urban formation,urban spatial structure and urban social structure.The city is the spatial state when the agglomeration force and the dispersion force achieve equilibrium.The agglomeration economic mechanism related to population agglomeration includes sharing,matching and learning,whose common feature is to form a production function of increasing returns.If the city has a large population,then the consumers will pay more land costs and commuting costs,which forms a decentralized force.The agglomeration and dispersion forces on different spatial scales promote the formation of cities of different sizes and types.If the urban system is explained from the perspective of departmental specialization,the increasing intensity of the scale return of the specialized departments of the economic system is large,the number of cities is small and the scale is large,if the commuting cost is large,the scale of the city is small and the number is large.If the urban system is explained from different combinations of labor skills,the externalities of population size and population structure,learning externalities and the complementarity between high and low skilled labor promote the formation of different sizes and types of cities.

关 键 词：聚集力 分散力 城市成本 城市系统 

分 类 号：F290[经济管理—国民经济]