中国老年人多维相对贫困测度与识别研究  

Research on the Measurement and Identification of Multidimensional Relative Poverty of the Elderly

作　　者：刘佩 孙立娟[2] Liu Pei;Sun Lijuan

机构地区：[1]浙江师范大学经济与管理学院,浙江金华321004 [2]对外经济贸易大学保险学院,北京100029

出　　处：《复印报刊资料（统计与精算）》2022年第3期115-126,共12页STATISTICS AND ACTUARIAL SCIENCE

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“基于保险精算的精准扶贫研究”(17ZDA090)。

摘　　要：随着全面脱贫的实现,我国进入长期的相对贫困治理阶段,其中老年贫困问题值得重视。使用2018年中国老年人健康长寿影响因素调查追踪数据,分别运用“相对收入贫困+相对多维贫困”,以及将收入纳入多维贫困测度体系两种方法测度了老年人的多维相对贫困水平。结果发现,第一,老年贫困主要分布在农村,随着贫困标准的提高,城镇地区暴露出更严重的贫困问题;第二,使用“相对收入贫困+相对多维贫困”的方法会将一部分收入高于收入贫困线但多维剥夺严重的个体排除在外,影响识别效果;第三,将收入纳入多维贫困测度体系时,使用人均可支配收入作为收入基数的测度结果不够稳定。基于研究结果,提出以下建议:第一,在相对贫困治理阶段的初期,使用分城乡设立的最低生活保障标准的1.5倍作为收入相对贫困线,今后逐步提高标准;第二,现阶段依然重点关注农村老年贫困问题,对逐渐暴露出来的城市老年贫困应加大治理力度;第三,综合使用收入和多维贫困测度体系对老年贫困进行识别,加大对收入、健康、养老保障、主观福利和社群参与维度的关注,制定相应的贫困治理政策。With the achievement of absolute poverty alleviation in 2020,China has entered a long-term relative poverty governance stage,in which the issue of elderly poverty is worthy of attention.This article takes the elderly in the 2018 wave of Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey as the research object and uses two methods including"relative income poverty+relative multi-dimensional poverty"and adding income into the multi-dimensional poverty measurement system to measure the multi-dimensional relative poverty measurement.The results suggest:First,the elderly poverty is mainly distributed in the rural areas,and with the improvement of the poverty standard,the urban areas reveal more serious poverty problems.Second,the"relative income poverty+relative multi-dimensional poverty"method excludes some individuals whose income is higher than the income poverty line but are severely multi-dimensional deprived,which affects the identification effect.Third,when including the income dimension into the multi-dimensional poverty measurement system,the measurement result using per capita disposable income as the income base is not stable enough.Based on the research results,suggestions are proposed:first,in the early stage of the relative poverty governance phase,1.5 times of the minimum living security standard established according to urban or rural areas should be used as the relative poverty line of income,and the standards should be gradually increased in the future;second,the current stage is still focusing on the problem of rural elderly poverty,and more efforts should be made to control the gradually exposed elderly poverty in urban areas;third,the income and multidimensional poverty measurement systems should be comprehensively used to identify elderly poverty,more attention should be paid to the dimensions of income,health,old-age security,subjective welfare and community participation,and corresponding poverty governance policies should be formulated.

关 键 词：老年贫困 多维贫困 绝对贫困 相对贫困 

分 类 号：F126[经济管理—世界经济] D669.6[政治法律—政治学]