拉枝对仙进奉荔枝枝梢生长和成花坐果的影响  

Effect of Bending on Shoot Growth,Flowering and Fruiting of Xianjinfeng Litchi

作　　者：姜永华 刘海伦 严倩 陈洁珍[1] 史发超 文英杰 蔡长河[1] 欧良喜[1] JIANG Yonghua;LIU Hailun;YAN Qian;CHEN Jiezhen;SHI Fachao;WEN Yingjie;CAI Changhe;OU Liangxi(Institute of Fruit Tree Research,Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research,Guangzhou 510640,China)

机构地区：[1]广东省农业科学院果树研究所/农业农村部南亚热带果树生物学与遗传资源利用重点实验室/广东省热带亚热带果树研究重点实验室,广东广州510640

出　　处：《广东农业科学》2023年第3期30-38,共9页Guangdong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：广东省乡村振兴战略专项﹝403-2018-XMZC-0002-90(TS-1-3)﹞;国家现代农业产业技术体系专项(CARS-32-01);广东省荔枝产业技术体系专项(2023-JK107-1);国家科技资源共享服务平台项目(NHGR2023-NH17)。

摘　　要：【目的】仙进奉荔枝是近年推出的优质晚熟新品种,在中晚熟荔枝产区经济效益和社会效益显著,其高效丰产栽培技术有待研发。拉枝是一种重要的果树整形修剪手段,能有效削弱顶端优势,利于开花结果。探究不同拉枝处理对仙进奉荔枝的影响,为仙进奉荔枝拉枝技术的应用和稳产丰产技术建立提供参考。【方法】以4年生仙进奉荔枝为材料,设置直立(不拉枝,CK)、水平(90°)和下垂(110°)3个处理,统计处理后枝梢生长量、成花率和座果率等指标。【结果】与直立处理(CK)相比,下垂和水平拉枝处理对第1次、第2次梢营养生长影响有限,但能延迟第3次梢(末次秋梢)萌芽7 d以上,同时显著减少末次秋梢萌芽数目,且以下垂处理的抑制效果最强。末次秋梢老熟时,拉枝处理枝条直径略低于直立处理(CK),各处理间差异不显著;下垂和水平拉枝处理均可有效将末次秋梢长度控制在15 cm左右,促生中短枝,利于开花坐果。翌年春季,下垂和水平处理枝组的成花率和座果率显著高于直立处理(CK),其中下垂处理枝组成花率达到100%,且全部为纯花穗、花穗质量高;直立处理(CK)枝组产生较多带叶花穗。各处理枝组的花穗长度无显著差异,但拉枝处理可显著降低花穗基部直径、抑制花穗旺长。雌花盛开后50 d,下垂和水平处理枝组座果率分别为9.81%和7.61%,显著高于直立处理(CK,5.54%)。【结论】下垂和水平拉枝可有效控制仙进奉荔枝结果母枝徒长,改善成花质量,显著提高座果率,以110°下垂拉枝效果最佳。【Objective】Xianjinfeng litchi is a new variety introduced in recent years.It is characterized by high quality and late ripening and has significant economic and social benefits in the middle and late ripening litchi producing areas,however,its efficient and high-yield cultivation technology needs to be studied.Shoot bending is an important shaping and pruning method in orchard management,which can effectively reduce the apex dominance and facilitate flowering and fruiting.Here,the effects of different bending treatments on Xianjinfeng litchi were explored in order to provide references for the application of shoot bending technology as well as the establishment of technology for stable and high yield.【Method】Xianjinfeng litchi grafted for four years was used as the test material,and three bending treatments were set:vertical(0°,CK),horizontal(90°)and drooping(110°).After treatments,the indicators including growth,flowering rate,and fruit setting rate were counted.【Result】Compared with the vertical treatment(CK),drooping and horizontal treatments had limited effects on the vegetative growth of the first and second shoots,but delayed the germination of the third shoot(the last autumn shoot)for more than seven days,and dramatically reduced germination number of shoots at the same time.In addition,drooping treatment had the strongest inhibitory effect.When the leaves of the last autumn shoot were mature,the branch diameter under bending treatments was slightly lower than that under CK,however,and there were no significant difference among all treatments.Both drooping and horizontal bending treatments could effectively control the length of the last autumn shoot to about 15 cm,promote the growth of short and medium shoots,which was conducive to flowering and fruiting.In the coming spring,the flowering rate and fruit setting rate of drooping and horizontal treatments were notably higher than those of vertical treatment(CK).The flowering rate of droop treatment reached 100%,and all of them were pure flowe

关 键 词：仙进奉 荔枝 拉枝 成花率 座果率 控梢促花 

分 类 号：S667.1[农业科学—果树学]