从特殊到一般:中国农村集体经济现代化的省思与前瞻  

From Speciality to Universality:A Reflection on the Modernization of China's Rural Collective Economy and Its Future Prospects

作　　者：陆雷[1] 赵黎[1] LuLei Zhao Li

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院农村发展研究所

出　　处：《复印报刊资料（农业经济研究）》2022年第5期108-122,共15页AGRICULTURAL ECONOMY

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“农民合作社参与农村社会治理的实现机制和路径研究”(编号:19BJY146);农业农村部政策与改革司委托课题“推进农村集体产权制度改革”(编号:05210072)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：本文聚焦于集体经济现代化这一时代性主题,回顾和梳理新中国成立以来农村集体经济制度化与市场化过程,阐释集体经济现代化的必要性和可行性。本文提出,虽然改革目标明确,但受集体所有制本质特征与制度遗产的影响,以推进集体经济现代化为旨趣的农村集体产权制度改革面临现实困境。在新时期,市场经济体制、国家治理体系和社会观念体系的变迁为农村集体经济现代化转型提供了全新的历史契机。站在历史转折点上的农村集体经济具备了现代化的生成条件。通过从国家层面为农村集体产权制度改革确立完备的法律基础,推动农村集体经济组织从成员权本位向股权本位转变,将特殊的集体经济体制转型为一般的市场经济体制,会为实现真正意义上的集体经济现代化创造出一种可能性路径,并为加快实现中国农业、农村和农民的现代化铺平道路。China's rural collective economy is not only the product from a historically specific era,but also the pioneer of China's rural reform.Promoting the transformation of collective economy as a specific economic system with Chinese characteristics to market-based economy as a universal economic system is not only in line with the direction of market-oriented reforms in China,but also demonstrates an approach to modernize collective economy.Focusing on the modernization of collective economy,this article reviews the process of institutionalization and marketization of rural collective economy since the founding of the People's Republic of China and explains the necessity and feasibility of the modernization of rural collective economy.The study puts forward that despite the state government's efforts to implement market-oriented reforms with the purpose of modernizing rural collective economy,these efforts have been constrained by the essential characteristics of rural collective economy and its institutional heritage,running into obstacles rooted in endogenous conflicts between rural collective economy and market economy.In a new era,the transformations in market-based economic system national governance system and the system of social orders and ideology create a historical opportunity and thus offer a new promise for the modernization of rural collective economy.The changes in network externalities have generated necessary conditions for modernizing rural collective economy at a crossroad.By promoting the reform of"separation of politics from economy"and the transformation of rural collective economic organizations from being traditionally membership right-based to equity-based,as well as establishing a complete legal basis for the reform of rural property right system at the national level,China wil likely create a possible path for achieving the modernization of rural collective economy.That can probably further accelerate the modernization of agriculture,rural areas and farmers in China.

关 键 词：农村集体经济 现代化 市场化 产权制度改革 

分 类 号：F321.32[经济管理—产业经济]