中国主粮政策性农业保险:规则约束与政策优化  

Policy-based Agricultural Insurance for Staple Grain in China:Rule Constraints and Policy Optimization

作　　者：徐亮 朱晶[1] 王学君[1] Xu Liang;Zhu Jing;Wang Xuejun

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学经济管理学院,南京210095.

出　　处：《复印报刊资料（农业经济研究）》2022年第7期149-160,共12页AGRICULTURAL ECONOMY

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“健全对外开放下的国家粮食安全保障体系研究”(编号:20ZDA102);国家自然科学基金重点项目“我国粮食供需格局演变与开放条件下的粮食安全政策研究”(编号:71934005);国家自然科学基金面上项目“劳动成本与资源约束背景下中国农业生产结构变迁与农产品比较优势动态研究”(编号:71673142);清华大学中国农村研究院博士论文奖学金项目“开放条件下中国政策性农业收入保险制度研究:规则约束、补贴机制与效果模拟”(编号:202006);感谢江苏省高校优势学科建设工程项目;江苏省粮食安全研究中心的支持。

摘　　要：政策性农业保险是世界各国为“对标”WTO相关规则约束最常采用的国内支持政策工具之一,中国也正以其作为重要“抓手”积极推动国内农业政策制定的转型升级,在2018年6省24个产粮大县开展的三大粮食作物完全成本保险和收入保险试点基础上,2021年6月的国务院常务会议决定扩大粮食作物完全成本保险和种植收入保险实施范围。本文从WTO国内支持规则约束视角分析了中国主粮政策性农业保险的制度设计空间,研判了中国2018年探索的保险试点方案被沿用到此次大规模实践时在适应WTO规则上可能存在的挑战,并为后续扩大农业保险实施范围提出针对性优化建议。研究发现,主粮国内既有支持政策在推进上处于不同阶段,两类保险补贴被归为“绿箱”的可操作性也存在差异,实施稻谷、小麦完全成本保险和玉米收入保险在现阶段更为可取;按中国前期各地的探索方案,两类保险补贴实际上更有可能被归为“黄箱”措施;在贯彻主粮政策性农业保险“分品种施策”推进方式的同时,完全成本保险补贴需优化为“绿箱”措施,着力探索“全覆盖、非特定”主粮收入保险,并加强中央对地方完全成本保险和收入保险工作的具体指导。As one of the important tools that help promote domestic support policies to comply with WTO rules,policy-based agricultural insurance has received great attention in the transformation and upgrading of China's promotion of domestic agricultural policy design in line with international rules.In 2021,China decided to further expand the implementation scope of grain crop full cost insurance and planting income insurance on the basis of pilot exploration in 24 major grain-producing counties of six provinces since 2018.This paper analyzes the system design space of China's staple food policy-based agricultural insurance,and studies the possible challenges in adapting to WTO rules when the insurance pilot programs in China in 2018 are used in this large-scale practice,and proposes targeted optimization for the subsequent expansion of the agricultural insurance implementation.The study found that:The existing domestic support policies for staple foods are at different stages,and the operability of the two types of insurance subsidies classified as"green boxes"are also dfferent.At this stage,it is more desirable to implement rice and wheat full cost insurance and corn income insurance;According to China's early exploration plans,the two types of insurance subsidies are actually more likely to be classified as"amber box"measures;While implementing the promotion mode of"speciesbased policies"to staple grain policy agricultural insurance,the full cost insurance subsidy needs to be optimized as a"green box"measure,and efforts should be made to explore"full coverage and non-specific"staple food income insurance.At the same time,the central government should strengthen the guidance of local full cost insurance and income insurance.

关 键 词：完全成本保险 收入保险 WTO规则 “绿箱”措施 “黄箱”措施 

分 类 号：F842.66[经济管理—保险] F326.11