国外社会救助“未领取”研究进展与启示  

Research Progress and Implications on"Non-take-up"of Overseas Social Assistance

作　　者：程中培 Cheng Zhongpei

机构地区：[1]南京大学政府管理学院,南京210023

出　　处：《复印报刊资料（社会保障制度）》2022年第6期116-125,共10页SOCIAL SECURITY SYSTEM

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年项目“后2020时期稳定脱贫的机制与对策研究”(20YJC840016);南京大学优秀博士研究生创新能力提升计划B项目“最低生活保障制度‘未领取'问题研究”(202102B005)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：社会救助“未领取”是指个体有资格获得但实际上未得到救助的状况。基于社会政策视角,本文从概念维度、测量方法和影响因素方面梳理并述评国外社会救助“未领取”研究的进展。理论上,“未领取”现象表现为家计调查等选择型瞄准方式的副产品,根据救助程序、救助比例和救助时段被划分为不同的概念维度。“未领取”指标测量的精准性取决于社会救助资格标准的设置及模拟,影响因素研究重视个体层面救助申请行为决策的“收益一成本”分析并呈现“自下而上”的研究范式。政策上,“未领取”构成西方福利改革的关键议题,其政策改革导向侧重于新公共管理模式。国内研究可从推动社会救助专项调查及评估、反思“未领取”现象社会政策属性和健全分层分类社会救助体系等方面拓展。Social assistance"non-take-up"refers to a situation in which an individual is eligible for assistance but does not actually receive assistance.Based on the perspective of social policy,this paper reviews the research progress on"non-take-up"of overseas social assistance from the aspects of concept dimension,measurement method and influencing factors.Theoretically,the phenomenon of"non-take-up"is a by-product of selective targeting methods such as means-test,which can be divided into different conceptual dimensions according to relief procedures,relief proportion and relief period.The accuracy of the measurement of the"non-take-up"index depends on the setting and simulation of the social assistance eligibility criteria.The overseas research on the influencing factors emphasizes the"benefit-cost"analysis of the behavior decision of the assistance application at the individual level and presents a"bottom-up"research paradigm.In terms of policy,"non-take-up"constitutes the key issue of western welfare reform,and its policy reform orientation focuses on the new public management mode.Domestic research can be expanded from promoting the special investigation and evaluation of social assistance,reflecting on the social policy attributes of"non-take-up"phenomenon and improving the stratified and classified social assistance system.

关 键 词：社会救助 未领取 家计调查 社会政策 政策评估 

分 类 号：D57[政治法律—政治学]