我国行政刑法立法的回顾与思考  

A Reflective Review of the Legislation of Administrative Criminal Law in China

作　　者：何荣功[1] He Ronggong

机构地区：[1]武汉大学法学院

出　　处：《复印报刊资料（刑事法学）》2022年第12期36-50,共15页criminal law

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“犯罪化的理论体系与实践机制研究”(项目号:21AFX010)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：我国刑法立法的进步和完善最鲜明地体现于行政刑法领域。我国行政刑法整体上呈现出立法体例上的统一性、法律条款的移植性、法益保护的管理性、构成要件的短缩性以及部分条款的超前性。行政法与刑法在法律属性、规范保护目的以及归责原则上存在重大差异,条款的移植难免导致刑事责任与民事责任、行政责任区分的难题。构成要件的短缩很可能导致将没有实质法益侵害的行为认定为犯罪。在我国,行政刑法虽然兼具行政法与刑法双层结构,但本质上系刑法。未来我国行政刑法立法宜继续采纳统一立法体例,妥善处理刑法与行政经济法律的衔接,注意条款移植的限度,谨慎使用行为犯构成要件。还要注意秩序作为行政刑法法益的限度,应重视通过刑法解释避免立法的不足,确保行政刑法处罚的妥当。The administrative criminal law in China has obviously demonstrated the progress achieved in the legislation of criminal law:its style in legislation is unified;in regulating the legal interests,its provisions are generally transplantable,and some are proactive;some of the crimes provided in it are constituted with shortened chain of elements.However,as the administrative law and criminal law differ sharply from each other in their nature,regulatory objectives,and imputation principles,the transplantation of their provisions inevitably leads to difficulties in distinguishing criminal liabilities from civil and administrative ones.In addition,the shortened chain of elements is likely to charge as crimes some acts infringing no substantial legal interests.The administrative criminal law in China,though having a‘two-tier'structure of administrative law and criminal law,is still criminal in nature.In the future,it should continue to adopt a unified style in legislation,properly handle its cohesion with the criminal law and the economic law,pay attention to the limits of the transplantability of its provisions,and use cautiously the shortened chain of the constitutive elements of an act.It should also mind the limit of order as a legal benefit,and use the interpretation of criminal law to avoid its inadequacy in legislation so as to ensure proper imposition of punishment.

关 键 词：行政刑法 立法体例 法益的管理性 刑法解释 

分 类 号：D924.3[政治法律—刑法学] D922.1[政治法律—法学]