犯罪构成要件中的行政行为的界定  

On the Definition of an Administrative Act in the Constituents of a Crime

作　　者：黄小飞[1] Huang Xiaofei

机构地区：[1]四川大学法学院,四川成都610207

出　　处：《复印报刊资料（刑事法学）》2022年第12期79-93,共15页criminal law

基　　金：四川大学法学院2022年度中央高校基本科研业务费(法学)研究课题(项目编号:2022fxzy-06)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：在行政法上,行政行为的合法性与有效性分属不同概念,犯罪构成要件中的行政行为应当要求合法性还是有效性,具有重要的讨论意义。该问题与公定力理论紧密相关,但围绕公定力是否影响刑事审判这一行政法问题而展开的讨论,有解释上的局限。相反,应当在明确行政行为在犯罪构成要件中的地位、作用的基础上再进行推论。行政许可是正当化事由、行政处罚是预防刑要素(情节)、行政命令是“提示”法益危险的要素,即使这些行政行为不符合行政法,只要还没被有权主管机关确认违法或者撤销,就仍然可以相应发挥阻却犯罪构成的作用、征表特殊预防必要性更大的作用、提示存在法益危险的作用。所以,行政行为有效就可以作为构成要件要素。刑事诉讼中法官无义务审查行政行为的合法性,审查合法性也存在事实阻碍,并且行政行为的合法性不是刑事审判的“先决问题”,因此法官不必审查行政行为的合法性,只需审查有效性,但应当重点审查行政行为是否确实具有相应的构成要件作用,以及是否存在相应的构成要件事实。In the administrative law,the legality and the validity of an administrative act are different concept,thus it is of great significance to discuss whether an administrative act in the constituents of a crime should be required to have legality or validity.This issue is closely related to the doctrine of presumptive legality of an administrative act but the discussion on such an issue of administrative law as whether the presumptive legality affects criminal trial is limited in terms of interpretation.On the contrary,the inference should be made on the basis of clarifying the position and function of an administrative act in the constituents of a crime.The administrative license is a justification,the administrative punishment is an element(circumstance)of preventing criminal penalty,and the administrative order is an element of"suggesting"the danger to legal interests.Even though these administrative acts do not comply with the administrative law,they can still play corresponding roles in preventing the crime constitution,signaling the greater necessity of special prevention and"suggesting"the existence of danger to legal interests if they are not confirmed as illegal or revoked by a competent authority.Therefore,the validity of an administrative act can be used as a constituent element of a crime.In criminal proceedings,judges have no obligation to review the legality of an administrative act,and there are factual obstacles in the legality review,and the legality of an administrative act is not a"prerequisite issue"of the criminal trial,therefore,judges only need to review the validity of an administrative act rather than its legality,and the review focus should be put on whether an administrative act does play the corresponding role as one of constituents of a crime,and whether there are corresponding facts satisfying the constituents of a crime.

关 键 词：行政行为 公定力 构成要件地位(作用) 有效性审查 

分 类 号：D924.3[政治法律—刑法学] D922.1[政治法律—法学]