组合漏斗式试验:中国儿童福利领域政策试验的试点机制及优化研究  

Combined-Funnel Policy Experiment:Research on the Pilot Mechanism and Optimization of Policy Experiment in the Field of Child Welfare in China

作　　者：黄冠 乔东平[1] Huang Guan;Qiao Dongping

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学社会发展与公共政策学院,北京100875

出　　处：《复印报刊资料（社会保障制度）》2022年第4期88-97,共10页SOCIAL SECURITY SYSTEM

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“中国儿童福利发展战略研究”(编号:17AZD016);国家社会科学基金一般项目“我国儿童福利和儿童保护的话语体系建构及发展研究”(编号:20BSH030)。

摘　　要："试点"和"扩散"是政策试验的两个环节,现有研究对扩散环节关注较多,本研究将注意力前移至试点环节,关注政策工具如何通过试点生产出来。采用案例研究方法对我国儿童福利领域4个主要试点项目进行分析后,本文发现了一种组合漏斗式试验模式:原始目标和政策工具经多阶段、多维度的纵向过滤、水平分流、重新整流后进一步检验,完成制度建构,其本质是不确定情境下政策目标和政策工具从不同维度由面到点的整合聚焦和由点到面的扩散。组合漏斗式试验模式的发现是对试点过程理论的进一步发展,同时可以作为其他高度不确定情境下政策试验的策略选择。最后,提出政策试验的优化建议,并讨论了将实施科学引入政策扩散研究的可行性。“Piloting”and“Diffusion”are the two components of policy experimentation,and while existing research has focused more on policy diffusion,this study shifts attention to the piloting component,focusing on how policy instruments are produced through piloting.After analyzing four major pilot projects in the field of child welfare in China by case study,this paper finds a combined-funnel model of policy experiment:the original objectives and policy tools are further tested after multi-stage and multi-dimensional vertical filtration,horizontal diversion and rectification,until the system construction is completed.Its essence is the integration of policy objectives and policy instruments from the different dimensions in an uncertain situation,and the diffusion from point to point.The discovery of the combined-funnel experiment model is a further development of the policy pilot process theory,and can be used as a strategic choice for other policy experiment under high uncertainty.Finally,suggestions for the optimization of policy experiment mechanism are made and the feasibility of introducing implementation science into policy diffusion research is discussed.

关 键 词：儿童福利 试点 政策扩散 组合漏斗式试验 

分 类 号：D632.1[政治法律—政治学] D669.5[政治法律—中外政治制度]