中国在全球价值链中的服务业比较优势:核算与比较  

RCA of Services Sectors of China in GVCs:Calculation and Comparison

作　　者：周昕[1] Zhou Xin

机构地区：[1]天津外国语大学国际商学院,天津300270

出　　处：《复印报刊资料（国际贸易研究）》2022年第4期43-57,共15页INTERNATIONAL TRADE

基　　金：教育部一般项目“全球价值链参与、劳动力市场分割与收入增长的益贫性:微观数据的研究”(项目编号:20YJA790056)。

摘　　要：在全球价值链(GVC)分工和产业融合的背景下,本文采用服务业附加值出口的RCA、服务业全球价值链收入的RCA和制造业全球价值链中的服务业RCA三项指标,基于OECD-TiVA的附加值贸易数据对2005~2015年13个服务行业进行研究,通过三项指标的核算与比较综合评估分析我国服务业在全球价值链中的比较优势状况。结果表明,由于未能核算包含在其他行业出口中的服务业附加值,传统RCA指标总体上低估了我国服务业的比较优势。以服务业附加值出口的RCA核算,金融保险业是我国2015年唯一具有比较优势的服务业,也是2005~2015年间比较优势提高幅度最大的服务业,在G20中已居于前列。以服务业全球价值链收入的RCA核算显示,我国各项服务业在全球价值链中都呈比较劣势,我国制造业部门在服务业全球价值链中获得相对较多的价值链收入,服务业部门获取的价值链收入也在增加。我国服务业的比较优势间接从制造业全球价值链中获取,2015年金融保险、运输仓储、电信业、膳宿业和艺术与文化娱乐五个行业具有比较优势,2005~2015我国服务业在制造业全球价值链中的RCA迅速提升,也带动了各服务业附加值出口RCA的提高。In the context of Global Value Chains and the Industries Convergence,this paper aims to do a comprehensive analysis on the comparative advantages of services of China.It uses three indicators:service RCA in value added terms,the RCA in terms of GVC income in services industries and the RCA in terms of services in manufacturing GVC to analyze 13 service industries of China from 2005 to 2015 based on OECD-TiVA data.The results show that the traditional RCA indicators generally underestimate the comparative advantage of Chinas service industries.Based on the RCA in value added terms,the financial&insurance activities is the only one industry with comparative advantage in 2015,and it is also the industry with the largest improvement in RCA between 2005 and 2015.It is even in the forefront of G20 countries in 2015.Based on the RCA in terms of GVC income in services industries,China has no comparative advantage in anyone service industry.Compared with G20,Chinas manufacturing sectors get more GVC income of service industries.However the proportion of the service sector's getting from service GVC income is significantly increased.More of Chinas service industries show their comparative advantage in manufacturing GVC.In 2015,Chinas financial&insurance activities,transportation&storage,telecommunications,accommodation&food services and Arts,entertainment,recreation and other service activities have comparative advantages in manufacturing GVC.And the increasing of the RCAs in terms of in manufacturing GVC also improves the RCAS in value added terms.

关 键 词：服务业 显示性比较优势 全球价值链分工 附加值贸易 制造业服务化 

分 类 号：F719[经济管理—产业经济] F752.6