跨境电子商务与双边贸易成本:基于跨境电商政策的经验研究  

Cross-border E-commerce and Bilateral Trade Costs:An Empirical Analysis Based on Cross-border E-commerce Policy

作　　者：张洪胜[1] 潘钢健 Zhang Hongsheng;Pan Gangjian

机构地区：[1]浙江大学中国数字贸易研究院,310058

出　　处：《复印报刊资料（国际贸易研究）》2022年第3期44-59,共16页INTERNATIONAL TRADE

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(71803173);教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目(20YJC790146);浙江省自然科学基金项目(LY20G030019);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目。

摘　　要：跨境电子商务作为承载“互联网+外贸”的贸易新业态,通过交易模式变革、交易环节简化、交易流程优化,推动贸易成本下降。本文基于2012年跨境电商(CBEC)相关政策作为拟自然实验,通过测算双边非对称贸易成本,利用CBEC政策清单等多种方法识别处理组,研究了跨境电商对中国双边贸易成本的影响。研究表明:(1)跨境电商显著降低中国出口和进口贸易成本。(2)跨境电商更有利于降低中国与信息通信技术服务出口规模和强度以及百度搜寻指数更小的贸易伙伴之间的贸易成本,表明CBEC显著降低了搜寻成本,且对出口中的企业搜寻成本降低效应大于对进口中的消费者搜寻成本的影响;跨境电商更有利于降低中国与物流绩效更弱国家的贸易成本,表明CBEC显著降低了跨境物流成本,且对出口中的跨境物流成本降低效应更大。(3)跨境电商的贸易成本降低效应在中国与发展中经济体之间更强,体现了跨境电商的“普惠贸易”特征。(4)跨境电商改善了贸易绩效,降低了出口产品价格,通过升级进口产品结构提高了进口产品价格,还促进了进出口产品质量升级。本文为近年来实施的跨境电商支持政策提供了有力证据,并为今后出口产品质量升级提供了思路。The world economy is increasingly transforming to a digital economy.Cross-border e-commerce(CBEC),as a new foreign trade format and new model that combines the two forms of e-commerce and international trade,and as an important part of the Internet Plus strategy,reflects its innovative thinking to promote economic restructuring and its unique advantages in accelerating foreign trade transformation and upgrading.The rapid growth of CBEC has brought significant challenges to the traditional international trade theory system,and the international trade theory needs to undergo major adjustments and restructuring.Trade cost is a core concept of the international trade theory and the key to explaining the six main open-economy macro puzzles(the Feldstein Horioka saving-investment puzzle,McCallums home bias in trade puzzle,the French Poterba equity home bias puzzle,the Backus-Kehoe-Kydland consumption correlations puzzle,pricing puzzles,and the exchange-rate disconnect puzzle),which is the first to be impacted by CBEC.This paper aims to clarify and deconstruct the empirical impact of CBEC on trade costs.Based on a series of CBEC related policies intensively introduced in China in 2012,and the data of the List of Cross-border E-Commerce Retail Imports,B2C data from SunYou Logistics Co.,Ltd.,product categories transacted in eBay and others to identify the treated group,this paper examines the impact of CBEC on Chinas bilateral asymmetric trade costs.Results show that CBEC has significantly reduced Chinas bilateral trade costs.The relevant mechanism analysis found that CBEC significantly reduced search costs and cross-border logistics costs,and mainly reduced firm search costs and cross-border logistics costs in export trade costs,and consumer search costs in import trade costs.CBEC has a greater effect on reducing the trade cost between China and developing countries,which reflects the inclusive trade characteristics of CBEC.CBEC has significantly promoted the number of trading firms between China and trading partners.It

关 键 词：跨境电子商务 贸易成本 海关监管 搜寻成本 跨境物流成本 

分 类 号：F724.6[经济管理—产业经济] F752.6