数字贸易背景下全球产业链变革的理论分析  

Theoretical Analysis of Global Industrial Chain Reform in the Context of Digital Trade

作　　者：刘洪愧 赵文霞 邓曲恒[1] Liu Hongkui;Zhao Wenxia;Deng Quheng

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院经济研究所 [2]天津社会科学院城市经济研究所

出　　处：《复印报刊资料（国际贸易研究）》2022年第12期21-30,共10页INTERNATIONAL TRADE

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“数字贸易对全球价值链分工的异质性影响及理论机制研究”(项目号:72003193);“人口老龄化对中国宏观政策有效性的影响:突证研究与模型仿真”(项目号:72073141)。

摘　　要：数字贸易及数字化技术的使用不仅降低了传统贸易的成本,而且使越来越多的服务产品可进行全球生产分工和贸易,从而成为全球产业链发展的新动能和驱动因素,进而提出一个重要问题,即如何从理论角度来理解数字贸易下全球产业链的变革及其方向。从交易成本角度看,数字贸易作为新的交易技术使得传统的空间物理成本大幅降低,也显著降低信息不完全和信息不对称程度,数字服务对全球产业链的深度嵌入也降低了相应的管理和组织成本,并催生出数字产品的全球生产分工。从比较优势角度看,数据和数字技术成为新的生产要素,各国和企业的比较优势面临重构,并引起全球产业链中国家和企业利益分配格局的变化。从平台经济角度,数字贸易下的各类平台形成虚拟集聚,创造出更大范围的规模效应和网络效应,平台还可提供诸多现代化服务,创造巨大价值,但也可能导致市场参与主体两极分化。从治理角度看,数字贸易和数字技术成为组织和管理全球产业链和全球价值链的重要方式,原有的国际贸易规则不再适用,进而可能推动数字贸易新规则的建立。The popularity of digital trade and digital technology does not only reduce the cost of traditional trade,but also makes more and more services available for global trade and global production division,which has become a new driving force and driving factor for the development of global industrial chain.Then,how to understand the reform and direction of global industrial chain under digital trade from a theoretical perspective is put forward.From the perspective of transaction cost,digital trade,as a new transaction technology,does not only greatly reduce the traditional spatial physical cost,but also significantly reduces the degree of incomplete information and information asymmetry.The deep embedding of digital services into global industrial chain also reduces the corresponding management and organization costs,and gives birth to the global industrial chain division of digital products.From the perspective of comparative advantage,data and digital technology have become new production factors of global industrial chain.The comparative advantages of countries and enterprises are facing reconstruction,which has caused changes in the distribution pattern of national and enterprise interests.From the perspective of platform economy,various platforms under digital trade form virtual agglomeration,creating a larger scale effect and network effect.The platform can also provide many modern services and create great value,but it may also lead to polarization of market participants.From the perspective of global industrial chain governance,digital trade and digital technology have become important ways to organize and manage global industrial chain.The traditional international trade rules are no longer applicable,which may promote the establishment of new rules of digital trade.

关 键 词：数字贸易 全球产业链 全球价值链 交易成本 比较优势 平台经济 

分 类 号：F113[经济管理—国际贸易]