算法政治转向与治理功能弱化:新科技革命下西方政党政治发展趋势研判  

Algorithmic Political Turn and Weakening of Governance Function:A Study on the Development Trend of Western Party Politics under the New Scientific and Technological Revolution

作　　者：高奇琦[1] Gao Qiqi

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学政治学研究院,上海201620

出　　处：《复印报刊资料（政治学）》2022年第4期69-77,共9页POLITICAL SCIENCE

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“加快数字化发展与建设数字中国的政治保障研究”(21AZD021)。

摘　　要：新科技革命呈现出计算机化、网络化、智能化等三个阶段性特征。从新科技革命对西方政党政治发展的影响来看,在政党组织结构的特征上,计算机化作为一种辅助性的工具并未对政党组织结构产生较大影响;网络化通过社交媒体增加了政党精英与选民的直接沟通,使得欧洲政党组织结构出现美国化转向;智能化通过智能技术增加了对选举结果的预测和引导,改变了传统的政党组织结构,加剧了年轻人的政治冷漠和政党结构凝聚力的弱化。在政党意识形态的特征上,计算机化可以辅助政党对新议题作出快速回应;网络化导致政党意识形态的碎片化,可能引发政治的无序;智能化则进一步加剧政党意识形态的极化,可能导致政治的失序。西方选举政治异化的两个特征是政治算法化和政治极化。要解决这一问题,西方国家需要重新思考政党的作用,让政党的治理功能更加发挥作用。在未来中国共产党的建设中,我们需要积极推动新技术在党的建设中的应用,并充分认识新兴技术的两面性,强化政党的政治目的和治理意义。The new scientific and technological revolution presents three phased characteristics:computerization,networking and intelligence.From the perspective of the impact of the new scientific and technological revolution on the political development of Western political parties,in terms of the characteristics of the organizational structure of political parties,computerization as an auxiliary tool has not had a great impact on the organizational structure of political parties.Networking has increased the direct communication between political elites and voters through social media,resulting in an Americanization turn of the organizational structure of European political parties.Intelligence has increased the prediction and guidance of election results through intelligent technology,changed the traditional party organization structure,exacerbated the political indifference of young people and the weakening of the cohesion of political party structure.In terms of the characteristics of political party ideology,computerization can assist political parties to respond quickly to new issues.Networking leads to the fragmentation of party ideology,which may lead to political disorder.Intelligence will further aggravate the polarization of party ideology,which may lead to political disorder.The two characteristics of political alienation in Western elections are political algorithmization and political polarization.To solve this problem,Western countries need to rethink the role of political parties and make their parties'governance function more effective.In the future construction of the Communist Party of China,we need to actively promote the application of new technologies in party's construction,fully understand the two sides of emerging technologies,and strengthen the political purpose and governance significance of political parties.

关 键 词：新科技革命 世界政党 政党政治 党的建设 

分 类 号：D05[政治法律—政治学] TP18[自动化与计算机技术—控制理论与控制工程]