美国的农业政策与WTO合规:2018-2020  

U.S.Farm Policy and WTO Compliance:2018-2020

作　　者：赵将 张蕙杰[2] 段志煌 Zhao Jiang;Zhang Huijie;Duan Zhihuang

机构地区：[1]中粮集团有限公司,北京100020 [2]中国农业科学院农业信息研究所,北京100081 [3]中国人民大学农业与农村发展学院,北京100872

出　　处：《复印报刊资料（农业经济研究）》2022年第1期158-169,共12页AGRICULTURAL ECONOMY

基　　金：财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系-食用豆(编号:CARS-08-G21);中国工程院重大咨询项目“工程科技支撑‘一带一路'建设战略研究”(编号:2017-ZD-15-06)。

摘　　要：2018年美国新农业法案以加深的“黄箱”政策应对2013年以来全球农产品市场下行给美国农业带来的严重冲击,加强了对农民的保护。之后,美国政府为应对贸易摩擦影响出台的两轮市场促进计划(MFP)以及为应对新冠疫情冲击出台的两轮新冠疫情食物援助计划(CFAP)和薪酬保护项目(PPP),直接导致美国农业综合支持量在历史上第一次超出其对WTO做出的承诺。美国在WTO规则制定上扮演核心角色,在乌拉圭回合谈判后美国农业政策的市场化改革发展一度引领世界农业政策转型。目前,美国违背加入WTO承诺的做法对以规则为基础的WTO和多边贸易规则带来了挑战,分析其农业政策变化趋势、动机和支持方式等对判断未来美国农业政策走向和未来的农产品国际贸易秩序具有重要意义。From 2018 to 2020,farm support in the U.S.has become more and more intensified,those distorting the market of which could exceed WTO annual spending limits of$19.1 billion for the first time after the country's joining WTO.In 2018,the Agriculture Improvement Act,which was used to deal with the impact of global agricultural market downturn since 2013,strengthened amber box farm policy to protect farmer's income.After that,the two waves of Market Facilitation Programs,Coronavirus Food Assistance Programs and Paycheck Protection Program were come out successively as ad hoc payment programs to hedge the effect of trade conflict and COVID-19.These existing farm programss pushed domestic farm support outlays above the U.S's own commitment to the WTO and its members.The U.S.has played a key role in rule-making of WTO and its market-oriented farm poliy reform once led the way for the world after Uruguay Round.However,the U.S.'s failing to comply with its commitment now brings challenges to WTO and mutilateral trade rules.This paper discussed the change of the U.S.farm policy whose effects would be useful to analyse the international economic and trade order.

关 键 词：美国农业政策 WTO合规 贸易摩擦 新冠肺炎疫情 综合支持量 

分 类 号：F310[经济管理—产业经济]