四川省近36年审定玉米品种主要农艺性状变化趋势  

Change trend on main agronomic traits of maize varieties released in Sichuan province in recent36years

作　　者：杨勤[1,2] 陈岩 刘永红 韩友学[3] 毛双林 岳丽杰[1,2] 刘禹池[1,2] 梁南山 YANG Qin;CHEN Yan;LIU Yong-hong;HAN You-xue;MAO Shuang-lin;YUE Li-jie;LIU Yu-chi;LIANG Nan-shan(Crop Research Institute of Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Chengdu 610066,China;Environment-friendly Crop Germ-plasm Innovation and Genetic Improvement Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province,Chengdu 610066,China;Sichuan Seed Station,Cheng-du 610041,China)

机构地区：[1]四川省农业科学院作物研究所,成都610066 [2]粮油作物绿色种质创新与遗传改良四川省重点实验室,成都610066 [3]四川省种子站,成都610041

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2023年第3期445-453,共9页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：四川省国际科技创新合作项目(2021YFH0026);四川省“天府万人计划”项目;简阳市天府农业科创园共建项目。

摘　　要：【目的】了解近36年四川省审定玉米品种的基本情况,从年度更替上分析审定玉米品种主要农艺性状变化趋势,为今后四川省玉米育种及生产提供借鉴。【方法】收集整理1985—2020年四川省审定玉米品种的审定数据,对亲本使用情况、主要农艺性状等相关数据进行统计和分析。【结果】36年间产量性状随年度更替上升趋势明显,产量年均增加227.55 kg/hm^(2);亲本重复使用率为60.1%;品种株高和穗位高年度间呈“W”形上下波动,总体呈显著增加趋势,2003年以后审定品种的株高和穗位高较2002年以前显著提高;穗长、穗行数、行粒数、百粒重、容重、粗淀粉含量、粗蛋白含量、粗脂肪含量和赖氨酸含量的平均值分别为19.5 cm、16.3行、36.4粒、30.9 g、746.1 g/L、73.06%、9.93%、4.59%、0.30%,部分性状随年度更替呈显著上升或下降的变化趋势。相关分析表明,产量与株高和穗位高呈极显著正相关。【结论】四川省审定的青贮玉米品种和适宜夏播机收的玉米品种偏少,品种选育和审定工作有待加强;四川省审定的玉米品种营养品质较好,但容重偏低,是今后品种改良的重要方向;四川省玉米品种产量提高主要依赖单株产量的提高,大穗型品种仍是品种选育的主要方向。【Objective】The study aimed to understand the basic situation of released maize varieties in Sichuan province in recent 36 years,and the change trend of main agronomic traits with the annual replacement,so as to provide reference for maize breeding and production in Sichuan province in the future.【Method】The basic information of maize varieties released in Sichuan province from 1985 to 2020 were col⁃lected.And the statistical analysis and correlation analysis of main agronomic traits were carried out by using the R software and Excel.At the same time,the change trends of main agronomic traits with annual replacement were analyzed.【Result】The yield of released maize varieties in Sichuan province showed a significant increasing trend with the annual replacement.Average annual increasement was 227.55 kg/hm^(2).The phenomenon of cross usage of the same parental inbred line in some released varieties existed,and the reuse rate was 60.1%.The plant height and ear position height of varieties fluctuated in a‘W’shape between years,and showed an overall increasing trend with the annual replacement.The plant height and ear position height of varieties released after 2003 were significantly higher than those before 2002.The average values of ear length,kernel row number,kernel number per row,hundred kernel weight,kernel volume weight,starch content,protein content,oil content and lysine content were 19.5 cm,16.3 rows,36.4 kernels,30.9 g/L,746.1 g/L,73.06%,9.93%,4.59%and 0.30%,respectively.These traits showed an increasing or decreasing trend with the annual replacement.Correlation a⁃nalysis showed that there was a negative correlation between yield and quality traits,and significant positive correlation existed between yield and plant traits.【Conclusion】The change trend analysis of plant traits,yield and yield related traits is mainly based on the test data in spe⁃cific years and under specific environmental conditions,which can not represent the performance of varieties in the same years and the sam

关 键 词：四川省 玉米品种 产量 品质 性状 相关性 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]