生态因子对甜玉米穗部性状表达的影响  

Effects of ecological factors on expression of ear traits in sweet corn

作　　者：卢俊浩 樊应虎 李琰聪[4] 陈怀军 胡美静 寸婕 黄晓蓉 张婷 张建华[1] LU Jun-hao;FAN Ying-hu;LI Yan-cong;CHEN Huai-jun;HU Mei-jing;CUN Jie;HUANG Xiao-rong;ZHANG Ting;ZHANG Jian-hua(Food Crops Research Institute,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Kunming 650205,China;Resource Plant Research Insti-tute,Yunnan University,Kunming 650504,China;Chuxiong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Chuxiong,Yunnan 675099,China;Baoshan Institute of Agricultural Sciences,Longyang,Yunnan 678099,China;Dali Agricultural Science Extension Research Institute,Dali,Yunnan 671014,China;Pu′er Institute of Agricultural Sciences,Simao,Yunnan 665099,China;Yunnan Seed Management Sta-tion,Kunming 650031,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省农业科学院粮食作物研究所,昆明650205 [2]云南大学资源植物研究院,昆明650504 [3]楚雄州农业科学院,云南楚雄675099 [4]保山市农业科学研究所,云南隆阳678099 [5]大理州农业科学推广研究院,云南大理671014 [6]普洱市农业科学研究所,云南思茅665099 [7]云南省种子管理站,昆明650031

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2023年第3期473-480,共8页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：云南省财政部门预算项目重大专项(530000210000000013809);云南省种业联合实验室项目(202205AR070001-04)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究云南不同生态条件下玉米穗部性状表达的差异,明确纬度、海拔、光照、温度和降水因子对穗部不同性状表达的作用和影响程度。【方法】基于DUS测试技术,在云南省4个玉米生态区,研究2个甜玉米品种的26个穗部性状的表达及其与生态因子的关系。【结果】质量性状“果穗:籽粒颜色数量”的表达稳定;假质量性状“果穗:籽粒顶端主要颜色”“果穗:籽粒背面主要颜色”“果穗:籽粒形状”的差异不大,较适用于品种特异性判定;数量性状“雄穗:小穗密度”“雄穗:侧枝与主轴夹角”“雄穗:一级侧枝数目”“雄穗:侧枝长度”不适合用来判定品种真实性;保山点的生态因子特征较有利于参试甜玉米幼穗分化;出苗—抽雄期,生态因子对果穗和籽粒性状影响显著;出苗—抽丝期,生态因子对雄穗和果穗性状的影响显著。回归模型表明,8个性状模型的决定系数R2较高,能有效地对性状的表达状态进行模拟预测。【结论】不同生态区玉米穗部性状表达情况存在差异,不同性状在不同生态区表达的稳定性不同,因此在进行玉米品种真实性的田间鉴定时,应重点关注表达稳定的质量性状和假质量性状,而大部分数量性状不适用于品种田间鉴定。在进行品种真实性鉴定时,应充分考虑品种的生态适应性,运用回归模型,快速、准确判断出性状的表达状态。【Objective】The purpose of the study was to investigate the differences in the expression of maize ear traits under different ecologi⁃cal conditions in Yunnan province,that were latitude,altitude,light,temperature and precipitation.【Method】Based on the DUS test tech⁃nology,the expression of 26 ear traits of two sweet corn varieties and their relationship with ecological factors were studied in four maize eco⁃logical regions in Yunnan province.【Result】The expression of quality traits‘Color and quantity of ear grain’was stable.False quality traits‘Color of grain top’‘Color of grain back’and‘Grain shape’were significantly different,but the difference was small.These traits can be used as varieties specificity indicators.And the quantitative traits‘Spikelet density’‘Angle between lateral branch and main axis’‘Number of primary lateral branches of tassel’and‘Length of lateral branch of tassel’were quite different in different ecological areas,so these traits were not suitable to judge the authenticity of varieties.From seedling emergence to tasseling stage,the ear and grain traits were significantly related to different ecological factors.From seedling emergence to silking stage,the traits of male panicle and fruit panicle were also signifi⁃cantly related to different ecological factors.The regression model showed that theR2of the eight trait models was high and could effectively simulate and predict the expression levels of traits.【Conclusion】There were differences in the expression of maize ear traits in different eco⁃logical areas,and the stability of expression of different traits in different ecological areas was different.Therefore,when conducting field i⁃dentification of maize variety authenticity,we should focus on the quality traits and false quality traits that express stability,while most quan⁃titative traits are not suitable for variety field identification.In the identification of variety authenticity,the ecological adaptability of varieties sho

关 键 词：甜玉米 生态因子 性状表达 纯度 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]