稻菜轮作下不同施氮处理对土壤微生物多样性的影响  

Effects of different nitrogen treatments on soil microbial diversity under rice⁃vegetable rotation

作　　者：张慧[1] 余端[1] 杭晓宁[1] 马连杰[1] 廖敦秀[1] 卢文才 ZHANG Hui;YU Duan;HANG Xiao-ning;MA Lian-jie;LIAO Dun-xiu;LU Wen-cai(Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Chongqing 401329,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆市农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,重庆401329

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2023年第3期550-556,共7页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：重庆市市级农发资金项目(NKY-2021AB003);重庆市市级农发资金项目(NKY-2021AC002);重庆市科研院所绩效激励引导专项(cqaas2019jx110)。

摘　　要：【目的】分析稻菜轮作模式下不同施氮处理对土壤微生物多样性的影响,为氮肥减量施用提供理论支撑。【方法】设置氮肥全量施用(T1)、氮肥减施(T2)、氮肥配施有机肥(T3)、不施氮肥(CK)4个处理,利用高通量测序技术和生物信息学手段,研究其对土壤真菌和细菌群落结构和多样性的影响。【结果】土壤细菌和真菌群落Alpha多样性分析表明,T1处理的细菌群落Chao1指数和Observed指数低于CK处理,T2、T3处理高于CK,但处理间差异不显著;T1、T2、T3处理的细菌Shannon指数和Simpson指数均高于CK处理,差异不显著。T1、T2、T3处理的真菌Chao1指数和Observed指数均高于CK处理,而Shannon指数和Simpson指数均低于CK处理,差异不显著。微生物群落Beta多样性分析表明4个处理的土壤细菌群落组成基本相似,处理间差异不显著;T3处理的真菌群落组成与CK、T1、T2处理有一定的差异。土壤细菌群落组成基本相似,4个处理的细菌优势菌群均为变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、绿弯菌门(Chloronexi)和酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria),T2处理的绿弯菌门相对丰度最高,T3处理的变形菌门相对丰度最高,施氮处理均降低了酸杆菌门、放线菌门和硝化螺旋菌门相对丰度。真菌群落组成有一定的差异性,真菌优势菌群均为子囊菌门(Ascomycota)、被孢霉门(Mortierellomycota)和担子菌门(Basidiomycota),T1处理增加担子菌门的相对丰度,T2处理增加被孢霉门的相对丰度,T3处理子囊菌门相对丰度最高。T2处理显著降低了大理石雕菌属(Marmoricola)相对丰度,T3处理显著增加腐质霉属(Humicola)和青霉菌属(Penicillium)相对丰度,施氮处理均显著降低链格孢属(Alternaria)相对丰度。【结论】在水稻-茎瘤芥轮作模式下,与氮肥全量施用相比,减氮施肥和氮肥配施有机肥均提高了土壤细菌群落的丰富度,降低了真菌群落的丰富度。处理间土壤微生物的【Objective】The effects of different nitrogen application treatments on soil microbial diversity under rice⁃vegetable rotation were an⁃alyzed to provide theoretical support for reducing nitrogen application.【Method】Four treatments of total application of nitrogen fertilizer(T1),reduced application of nitrogen fertilizer(T2),combined application of nitrogen fertilizer with organic fertilizer(T3)and no applica⁃tion of nitrogen fertilizer(CK)were set up,and their effects on the structure and diversity of soil fungal and bacterial communities were studied by using high⁃throughput sequencing technology and bioinformatics methods.【Result】The diversity analysis of soil bacterial and fun⁃gal community Alpha showed that the Chao1 index and Observed index of the bacterial community in T1 treatment were lower than that in CK treatment,while the Observed index in T2 and T3 treatments were higher than that in CK treatment,but the difference among treatments was not significant.The bacterial Shannon index and Simpson index of T1,T2 and T3 were higher than those of CK,and the difference was not significant;The Chao1 index and Observed index of the fungal community in T1,T2 and T3 were higher than those in CK,while the Shan⁃non index and Simpson index were lower than those in CK,with no significant difference.The microbial community Beta diversity analysis showed that the soil bacterial community composition of the four treatments was basically similar,but the difference between treatments was not significant.Compared with CK,T1 and T2 treatment,the species composition of fungi in T3 treatment was different to some extent.The four dominant bacteria groups were Proteobacteria,Actinobacteria,Chloronexi and Acidobacteria.The relative abundance of Chloronexi in T2 treatment was the highest,and that of Proteobacteria in T3 treatment was the highest.The relative abundance of Acidobacteria,Actinobacte⁃ria and Nitrospira was decreased by nitrogen application.The species composition of fungi was different to some

关 键 词：稻菜轮作 氮肥减施 土壤微生物 多样性 相对丰度 

分 类 号：Q939.96[生物学—微生物学]