“走出反哺”:农村互助养老实现的支持结构、实践困境与路径优化  

“Going out of the Back-feeding”:The Support Structure,Practical Dilemma and Path Optimization of Rural Mutual-help for the Aged

作　　者：刘琪[1] Liu Qi

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院大学社会与民族学院

出　　处：《兰州学刊》2023年第4期149-160,共12页

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“乡村振兴战略背景下多元化乡村治理问题研究”(项目编号:19ZDA114)。

摘　　要：党的十九届五中全会提出“实施积极应对人口老龄化国家战略”,其中农村作为应对养老挑战的主阵地和重难点成为共识。面对家庭养老功能弱化和机构养老成本高企,互助养老被认为是农村养老服务供给社会化转向的路径。从基层看去,自我实现的父代价值需求、孝而难养的子代情感困顿、合作帮扶的集体伦理传统,构成农村互助养老实现的主体动力与社会基础。现代性进村和行政控制权下沉背景下,当前农村互助养老正在遭遇空间错置与社会脱嵌两大困境:空间错置表达为养老空间设置的内容偏离与区位错配,而社会脱嵌包括协同脱嵌、组织脱嵌和文化脱嵌三个层面。立足高质量发展战略,文章提出空间内容的乡土本位与区位的村社嵌入、干群角色重构与农民利益联结、组织主体性强化与功能拓展、积极老龄理念营造与年龄集团目标统合四重路径,以助力老年群体实现对晚年生活的美好向往。The Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee put forward“implementing the national strategy of actively responding to the aging population”,in which rural areas became a consensus as the main position and the key and difficult point to cope with the challenge of providing for the aged.Facing the weakening of family pension function and the high cost of institutional pension,mutual pension is considered to be the path of socialization of rural pension service supply.From the grass-roots level,the self-realization of the value needs of the father,the emotional difficulties of the filial generation and the collective ethical tradition of cooperation and assistance constitute the main driving force and social foundation for the realization of mutual assistance for the elderly in rural areas.Under the background of modernity entering the village and administrative control sinking,the current rural mutual support for the aged is facing two dilemmas:spatial dislocation is expressed as the content deviation and location mismatch of the old-age space,while social dislocation includes three levels:collaborative dislocation,organizational dislocation and cultural dislocation.Based on the high-quality development strategy,this paper puts forward four paths:the local standard of spatial content and the embedding of village community in location,the reconstruction of the role of cadres and masses and the connection of farmers’interests,the strengthening of organizational subjectivity and the expansion of functions,the creation of active old-age concept and the integration of age group goals,so as to help the elderly groups realize their beautiful yearning for their later years.

关 键 词：互助养老 支持结构 熟人社会 社会脱嵌 高质量发展 

分 类 号：C913.6[经济管理]