减氮配施中微量元素肥对冬瓜产量和品质的影响  

Effects of Combined Application of Medium and Trace Fertilizers on Yield and Quality of Wax Gourd

作　　者：刘家友[1] 杨国宝 王齐龙 李学文[1] 萧洪东[1] 施卫明[2] 喻敏[1] LIU Jiayou;YANG Guobao;WANG Qilong;LI Xuewen;XIAO Hongdong;SHI Weiming;YU Min(International Center for Membrane Biology and Environment,Foshan University,Foshan,Guangdong 528000,China;Institute of Soil Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210008,China)

机构地区：[1]佛山科学技术学院国际膜生物学与环境研究中心,广东佛山528000 [2]中国科学院南京土壤研究所,南京210008

出　　处：《土壤》2023年第1期30-36,共7页Soils

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0201203)资助。

摘　　要：以铁柱冬瓜为试验材料,采用随机区组田间小区试验,设置CK(不施氮肥)、T1(习惯施肥)、T2(习惯施肥基础上减氮30%)、T3(减氮30%+配施硼钼肥)、T4(减氮30%+配施钙镁肥)和T5(减氮30%+配施钙镁硼钼肥)6种处理,在广东佛山市三水区连续开展两年田间试验,旨在探究减氮配施中微量元素肥对冬瓜产量及品质的影响。结果表明,与T1相比,T2的冬瓜产量下降了8.76%,但未达到显著水平;与T2相比,T4和T5处理显著增加冬瓜产量,分别提高了21.3%和32.2%,且T5处理下的冬瓜产量超过了T1;品质结果显示,T5处理提高了50.0%的VC含量,且与T1相比降低了34.2%亚硝酸盐含量;减施30%氮肥基础上配施钙镁肥的土壤pH显著提高,配施硼钼肥的土壤B含量得到显著提高,配施中微量肥处理的冬瓜植株中Ca和Mo含量较T2均有所提高。综上所述,在华南热带地区冬瓜种植过程中,减氮配施中微肥可保证冬瓜品质和产量,其中中微量肥配施处理的效果最好。上述结果为广东地区露地蔬菜化肥氮的科学减施提供了科学依据。This study is to explore the effects and mechanisms of nitrogen(N)reduction on the yield and quality of wax gourd and provide a scientific basis for the scientific reduction of chemical fertilizer for outdoor vegetables in Guangdong.A randomized block field plot experiment was conducted in Sanshui District of Foshan,Guangdong Province for two consecutive years with Tiezhu wax gourd under six treatments:CK,no nitrogen(N)fertilizer;T1,conventional fertilization;T2,N fertilizer reduced by 30%;T3,B and Mo fertilizers combined with N fertilizer reduced by 30%;T4,Ca and Mg fertilizers combined with N fertilizer reduced by 30%;T5,Ca,Mg,B and Mo fertilizers combined with N fertilizer reduced by 30%.The results show that wax gourd yield is decreased insignificantly by 8.76%under T2 compared with T1,and increased significantly by 21.3%and 32.2%(P<0.05)under T4 and T5 compared with T2,respectively,wax gourd yield under T5 is higher than T1.VC content in wax gourd is increased by 50.0%under T5 while its N content in wax gourd is decreased by 34.2%compared with T1.On the basis of reducing 30%N fertilizer,soil pH is significantly increased with application of Ca and Mg fertilizers,soil B content is increased significantly with the application of B and Mo fertilizers(P<0.05),the contents of Ca and Mo in wax gourd are higher in the treatments with medium and trace fertilizers than T2.In conclusion,in tropical South China,reducing N and applying medium and trace fertilizers can ensure the quality and yield of wax gourd,and combined application of medium and trace fertilizers has the best effect.The results provide a scientific basis for the scientific reduction of nitrogen fertizer application in open-field vegetables in Guangdong.

关 键 词：氮肥 中微量肥 冬瓜 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S14[农业科学—肥料学]