氮肥减施对养分在潮土肥际微域中迁移过程的影响  

Effect of Nitrogen Reduction on Migration of Nutrients in Fertisphere of Fluvo-aquic Soil

作　　者：化全县[1] 尤鑫鑫 张彦彬 郝志远 罗寅辉 HUA Quanxian;YOU Xinxin;ZHANG Yanbin;HAO Zhiyuan;LUO Yinhui(School of Chemical Engineering,National Centre of Research&Popularization on Calcium,Magnesium,Phosphate and Compound Fertilizer Technology,Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou 450001,China)

机构地区：[1]郑州大学化工学院,国家钙镁磷复合肥技术研究推广中心,郑州450001

出　　处：《土壤》2023年第1期79-84,共6页Soils

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0200606)资助。

摘　　要：肥料减施增效对合理控制肥料用量、推进农业绿色发展、实施乡村振兴具有重要意义。本研究以尿素、磷酸二铵和硫酸钾为供试肥料,采用培养试验研究了氮肥减施对砂质潮土和壤质潮土肥际微域速效养分迁移过程的影响。以高产推荐施肥N 210 kg/hm^(2)为基础,在氮肥减施20%时,速效氮磷钾进入砂质潮土肥际微域的比例比习惯施肥N315kg/hm^(2)增加了15.71%、7.27%和13.14%,比高产推荐施肥增加了10.54%、3.79%和8.98%。速效氮迁移距离低于习惯施肥,与高产推荐施肥相当,为46 mm;有效磷迁移距离与两者无显著性差异;速效钾迁移距离分别增加了15.79%和10.00%。速效氮和有效磷进入壤质潮土肥际微域的比例比习惯施肥增加了53.08%、3.44%,比高产推荐施肥增加了14.28%、6.89%,迁移距离与习惯施肥、高产推荐施肥无显著性差异;速效钾比例和迁移距离则低于其他两个施肥量处理。Reducing application and promoting efficiency of fertilizers is of great significance for rationally controlling fertilizer usage,promoting green agricultural development,and implementing rural revitalization.Urea,diammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate were used in this study as the test fertilizers,the cultivated experiments were conducted study the effect of nitrogen fertilizer reduction on the migration of available nutrients in fertisphere of sandy and loamy fluvo-aquic soils.Based on the high-yield recommended fertilization of N 210 kg/hm^(2),when nitrogen fertilizer application is reduced by 20%,the proportion of available nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in fertisphere of sandy fluvo-aquic soil are increased by 15.71%,7.27%and 13.14%compared with the habitual fertilization of N 315 kg/hm^(2),and increased by 10.54%,3.79%and 8.98%compared with the high-yield recommended fertilization.The migration of available nitrogen is lower than that of habitual fertilization,and is equivalent to the high-yield recommended fertilization,which is 46 mm;there is no significant difference in the migration of available phosphorus among the three fertilization treatments,and the migration of potassium is increased by 15.79%and 10.00%,respectively.The proportions of available nitrogen and phosphorus in fertisphere of loamy fluvo-aquic soil are increased by 53.08%and 3.44%compared with the habitual fertilization,and are increased by 14.28%and 6.89%compared with the high-yield recommended fertilization;there is no significant difference in the migration of available nitrogen and phosphorus with the habitual fertilization and high-yield recommended fertilization;the proportion and migration of available potassium are lower than those of the other two treatments.

关 键 词：氮肥 减施增效 潮土 肥际微域 迁移 

分 类 号：S151.3[农业科学—土壤学] TQ444.5[农业科学—农业基础科学]