抑病土与感病土对番茄根际微生物性质的影响  

Effects of Disease-suppressive and -conductive Soils on Tomato Rhizosphere Microbial Properties

作　　者：刘洪 彭俊伟 孙阳 胡洋 李建刚[1,2] 董元华 LIU Hong;PENG Junwei;SUN Yang;HU Yang;LI Jiangang;DONG Yuanhua(CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation,Institute of Soil Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210008,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Pingyang Natural Resources and Planning Bureau,Pingyang,Zhejiang 325400,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院土壤环境与污染修复重点实验室(南京土壤研究所),南京210008 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]平阳县自然资源和规划局,浙江平阳325400

出　　处：《土壤》2023年第1期122-131,共10页Soils

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41977055);江苏省碳达峰碳中和科技创新专项(BE2022301)资助。

摘　　要：为明确不同土壤来源下番茄植株的生长及其根际土壤微生物功能群落的变化特征,以番茄青枯病为研究对象,通过盆栽试验和两种施肥模式研究了抑病和感病土壤对番茄生长情况、根际土壤微生物功能群落结构以及青枯病菌生长的影响。结果表明:①抑病土中有机碳、速效氮、有效磷和速效钾含量较高,能促进番茄生长,抑制土传病害发生,其中抑病土中进行有机无机配施(SCOF)处理的番茄地上部鲜重最高,为28.99 g/株,与感病土中进行有机无机配施(CCOF)相比,地上部鲜重显著增加了37.90%;②有机无机配施处理抑制了病原菌的生长,其中SCOF与CCOF处理中病原菌的生长较对照分别降低了24.53%与22.23%;③有机无机配施与病原菌接种改变了根际微生物代谢功能,其中SCOF处理番茄根际微生物群落代谢活性较强,利用氨基酸类、碳水化合物类、多聚物类等碳源的微生物种群发生变化。总之,抑病土中配合施用有机无机肥有助于帮助宿主植株耐受土传病害胁迫,维持宿主植物的健康生长,这为探索土传病害的发生及防控提供一个视角。This study is to clarify the changes of tomato plant growth and rhizosphere soil microbial functional community under different soil sources.The experiment was conducted with the disease-suppressive soil and tomato bacterial wilt disease,and the pot experiment and two fertilization modes were applied to investigate the effects of the disease-suppressive and-conductive soils on the rhizosphere microbial functional community structure and growth of pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum.The results show that:1)The disease-suppressive soil has higher contents of organic carbon,available nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium,which enhance the growth of tomato and inhibit the occurrence of soil-borne diseases.The fresh weight of tomato shoots in SCOF(the disease-suppressive soil treated with organic-inorganic co-fertilization)is the highest(28.99 g/plant),increased significantly by 37.90%compared with the CCOF(the disease-conductive soil treated with organic-inorganic co-fertilization).2)The soil treated with organic-inorganic co-fertilization inhibits the growth of pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum,and the growth of pathogen in SCOF and CCOF is decreased by 24.53%and 22.23%compared with the control respectively.3)The soil treated with organic-inorganic co-fertilization and pathogen inoculation alters the rhizosphere microbial metabolic function.The rhizosphere microbial community in SCOF has stronger metabolic functional activity,and there are some changes in microbial populations that utilize carbon sources such as amino acids,carbohydrates,and polymers.Therefore,the disease-suppressive soil treated with organic-inorganic co-fertilization can help host plants to tolerant the stress of soil-borne diseases and maintain the healthy growth of host plants,which provides a perspective for the occurrence and control of soil borne diseases.

关 键 词：番茄 青枯病 抑病土 微生物代谢功能 

分 类 号：S154.36[农业科学—土壤学]