意识形态与美国对台湾地区问题的干预——以第一次台海危机为中心的考察  

Ideology and America s Intervention on the Taiwan region Issue:An Investigation Centered on the First Taiwan Strait Crisis(1950-1955)

作　　者：马雨聪 MA Yucong(Wuhan University)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学历史学院,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《边界与海洋研究》2023年第2期46-64,共19页Journal of Boundary and Ocean Studies

摘　　要：第一次台海危机爆发后,美蒋签订所谓的《共同防御条约》,正式确立了美台军事同盟关系。美国承诺帮助台湾地区当局防卫中国台湾及澎湖列岛,但拒绝协助国民党军队防卫他们实际控制的大陆近海岛屿。对此,主张深度介入台湾地区防务的美国对华强硬派颇为不满,他们构建出一套“共产主义威胁论”,将台海局势“意识形态化”,大肆渲染台湾对于反华反共的重要性。1955年初,美国国会参众两院以压倒性多数通过《台湾防卫法》,授权总统在必要时可以动用美国武装部队来介入中国台湾及大陆近海岛屿防务。以杜勒斯为代表的行政高层更进一步将法案中“任何有必要的措施”这一条款,解释为可以动用核武器来解决台海危机。至此,美国对华进行核威慑以干预台湾问题的策略初步成型。After the first Taiwan region crisis broke out,the US and Chiang signed the so-called Mutual Defense Treaty,which formally established the US-Taiwan military alliance.The United States promised to help Taiwan region defend Taiwan region and the Penghu islands,but refused to help Nationalist forces defend the offshore mainland islands they control.China hardliners,who advocate deep involvement in Taiwan's defense,are angry.In early 1955,the House and Senate overwhelmingly passed the Formosa Defense Act,which authorized the President to intervene in the defense of Taiwan and the offshore islands of the mainland with the use of the United States armed forces if necessary.Senior administration officials,including Dulles,went further,interpreting the“any necessary measures”clause in the bill to mean that nuclear weapons could be used to resolve the Cross-Strait crisis.So far,the United States conducted nuclear deterrence to China in order to intervene in the Taiwan question strategy took shape.

关 键 词：意识形态 美国对台政策 第一次台海危机 《台湾防卫法》 对华核威慑 

分 类 号：D675.8[政治法律—政治学] D822.371.2[政治法律—中外政治制度]