广西龙胜县主要农用地土壤硒元素地球化学特征及其生态效应  

Geochemical characteristics and ecological effect of soil selenium in main agricultural lands in Longsheng County of Guangxi

作　　者：陆国斌[1] 蒋惠俏[1] 王建辉[1] 杨少伟 黄英[1] LU Guobin;JIANG Huiqiao;WANG Jianhui;YANG Shaowei;HUANG Ying(Regional Geological Survey&Research Institute of Guangxi Zhuang Autonmous Region,Guilin 541003,Guangxi,China)

机构地区：[1]广西区域地质调查研究院,广西桂林541003

出　　处：《矿产与地质》2023年第1期145-156,共12页Mineral Resources and Geology

基　　金：广西壮族自治区财政专项资金项目(任务书编号:桂自然资办〔2019〕112号)资助。

摘　　要：硒元素是人体必需的微量元素之一,发展绿色富硒产业,前景广大,因此研究土壤中硒元素地球化学特征及其生态效应意义重大。通过对广西龙胜各族自治县主要农用地开展1:5万土壤地球化学调查、岩石剖面测量及专项农作物调查,研究表层土壤中硒元素含量特征、影响因素及其生态效应,结果显示:研究区富硒土壤面积为1083.88 km^(2),占比90.78%,分布范围广;表层土壤硒元素主要来源于成土母质岩石,继承了地层母岩的特性,不同母岩形成的土壤,其硒含量均超过了天然富硒土壤的标准,尤以震旦系硅质岩及寒武系黑色岩系形成的土壤为甚;表层土壤硒元素含量与Mo呈显著正相关,与Corg、N、Pb、TFe_(2)O_(3)、pH呈弱相关,与其余元素极弱相关甚至不相关;农作物水稻、玉米的富硒率超过了90%,次为萝卜、茶叶及辣椒;农作物籽实(尤其是水稻)中硒元素含量受土壤全量的影响,但更多是受到硒元素形态的影响,同时还受土壤pH值的影响;对水稻合理增施含Mo、I、P的肥料,对玉米适当增施含F、Mo的肥料,可以提高其籽实的硒元素含量。因此,开发富硒农产品不仅要考虑土壤总硒元素含量,还要考虑如何活化土壤中硒的硒酸态(Se^(6+))。Selenium is one of the essential trace elements for human body.For the development of green selenium-rich industry,theprospect is broad.Therefore,there is a great significance to study the geochemical characteristics and ecological effect of selenium in soil.Based on the soil geochemical survey of 1:50000 scale,rock profile survey and special crop survey,the content characteristics,influencing factors and ecological effect of selenium in surface soil in Longsheng County have been studied.The studyresult shows that the area of selenium-rich soil in the study diatrict is 1083.88 km^(2),accounting for 90.78%,and the distribution range is wide.Selenium in the surface soil mainly comes from the parent materials and inherits the characteristics of the parent rocks.Selenium contents in the soils derived from different parent rocks exceed the standard of natural selenium-rich soils,especially the soil types formed by Sinian siliceous rock and Cambrian black rock series.Se content in surface soil is significantly positively correlated with Mo,weakly correlated with Corg,N,Pb,TFe_(2)O_(3) and pH,and very weakly or even not correlated with other elements.The selenium-rich rate of rice and maize exceeds 90%,followed by radish,tea and pepper.The content of selenium in crop seeds(especially in rice)is affected by the total content of selenium in soil,but much more by the form of selenium,and also by the pH value of soil as well.The content of selenium in the seeds of rice and maize can be increased by applying the fertilizers containing Mo,I and P to rice and F and Mo to maize respectively.It is suggested that local governments integrate resource advantages,develop green selenium-rich industries,promote rural revitalization and achieve sustainable economic development.Therefore,it is syuggested that the development of selenium-rich agricultural products should not only consider the content of total selenium in soil,but also consider how to activate the selenium acid state(Se^(6+))in soil.

关 键 词：硒 地球化学特征 生态效应 影响因素 广西龙胜 

分 类 号：P595[天文地球—地球化学] S159.2[天文地球—地质学]