论亚历山大二世时期俄罗斯帝国政治体制与外交决策的集权性  

On the Centralization of the Political System and Diplomatic Decisions of the Russian Empire in Alexander II’s Period

作　　者：于宁宁[1] YU Ning-ning(Department of History,Qiqihar University,Qiqihar161006,China)

机构地区：[1]齐齐哈尔大学历史系,黑龙江齐齐哈尔161006

出　　处：《内蒙古民族大学学报（社会科学版）》2022年第6期32-41,共10页Journal of Inner Mongolia Minzu University：Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“亚历山大二世时期俄罗斯帝国外交政策研究”(项目编号:20BSS063)。

摘　　要：对主权国家而言,国内政治因素时刻影响着外交决策的运转。亚历山大二世时期,沙皇虽推行各项改革以扭转克里米亚战争后的帝国景象,但宪政道路行不通,中央权力机构缺少分权机制,民众顺从意识依旧,沙皇专制的政治属性并未改变。这种封闭的专制主义政治体制决定了帝国外交决策缺少灵活性,沙皇执掌决策大权,秘密外交仍旧存在,外交决策仍受意识形态因素影响,外交决策与军事行动无法达成一致,帝国外交决策呈现出典型的集权性。For sovereign countries,domestic political factors always affect the operation of diplomatic deci⁃sion-making.During Alexander II’s reign,although the Tsar carried out various reforms to reverse the imperial scene after the Crimean War,the constitutional road was not feasible,the central authority lacked a decentral⁃ized mechanism,the people still had a sense of obedience,and the political attribute of the Tsar’s autocracy had not changed.The closed authoritarian political system determined that the imperial diplomatic decisionmaking lacked flexibility.The Tsar held the decision-making power,secret diplomacy still existed,diplomatic decision-making was still affected by ideological factors,diplomatic decision-making and military action could not reach an agreement,and the imperial diplomatic decision-making showed a typical centralization.

关 键 词：亚历山大二世 俄罗斯 外交决策 集权性 

分 类 号：K512.34[历史地理—历史学]