大白菜核不育花药超显微结构观察  

Ultramicroscopic Structure Investigation on GMS Anthers in Chinese Cabbage

作　　者：岳艳玲[1] 郭瑛琪 YUE Yan-ling;GUO Ying-qi(College of Landscape and Horticulture,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming 650201,China;Kunming Institute of Zoology,Chinese Academy of Science,Kunming 650223,China)

机构地区：[1]云南农业大学园林园艺学院,昆明650201 [2]中国科学院昆明动物研究所,昆明650223

出　　处：《沈阳农业大学学报》2023年第1期10-15,共6页Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31460524,31101551)。

摘　　要：大白菜是我国的主要蔬菜作物,杂种优势明显,而雄性不育系是实现杂种优势商业化的重要途径。大白菜花药及小孢子发育是一个极其复杂的过程,任何一个环节出现异常,都会导致雄性不育。因此,大白菜雄蕊发育的研究对优良雄性不育系的创制具有重要意义。以大白菜核不育近等基因系10L03为试材,采用透射电子显微技术对可育和不育植株的花药细胞结构进行观察。结果表明,大白菜可育花药单核早期绒毡层细胞开始出现空泡化,发生核裂解,出现核小体,说明大白菜正常可育花药绒毡层细胞在单核早期发生细胞程序性死亡。同时,在可育花药发育过程中,绒毡层细胞质电子密度大,含有大量的内质网、线粒体等细胞器。不育花药绒毡层细胞则在花粉母细胞后期出现核小体,绒毡层细胞质的细胞器数量明显低于可育花药,细胞内空泡化严重,说明不育花药绒毡层细胞提前发生细胞程序性死亡。伴随着绒毡层细胞程序性死亡,小孢子在四分体时期也发生了细胞程序性死亡,表现为细胞皱缩,形状不规则,空泡化,核裂解,最终细胞结构消失,发生完全败育。不育花药绒毡层细胞提前发生细胞程序性死亡,导致胼胝质酶合成不足,包裹着小孢子的胼胝质不能被降解,四分小孢子无法释放单核小孢子,小孢子无法进一步发育,最终败育。研究结果将为该雄性不育材料花药绒毡层发育异常及小孢子败育的发生机制提供细胞学证据。Chinese cabbage is the main vegetable crop in China,with obvious heterosis.Male sterile line is an important way to realize the commercialization of heterosis.The anther and microspore development of Chinese cabbage is an extremely complex process and any abnormality in any link will lead to male sterility.Therefore,it is of great significance for understanding stamen development to obtain a super male sterile line in Chinese cabbage.Near-isogenic line of GMS genes in Chinese cabbage,10L03,was used as the experimental material and transmission electron microscopy were applied to investigate cytological structures of fertile and sterile anther in this paper.Results showed that the vacuolation,nuclear nucleus dissociation and nucleosomes occurred in the tapetum cells of Chinese cabbage fertile anthers at early stage of mononuclear microspore,which indicated that programmed cell death(PCD) of the tapetum cells occurred at early stage of mononuclear microspore in Chinese cabbage anthers.At the same time,tapetum cytoplasm expressed high electron density,and there were a lot of endoplasmic reticulum,mitochondria and other organelles during the development of fertile anthers.However,nucleosomes could be observed in tapetum cells of sterile anthers at the late stage of pollen mother cells,and the number of cytoplasmic organelles was significantly lower and the vacuolation was more serious in the tapetum than that of fertile anthers,which indicated that the tapetum cells of sterile anthers had programmed cell death in advance.Sterile microspores also occurred PCD at tetrad stage,with tapetum PCD.Microspores shrank and shaped irregularly with vacuolization and nucleus dissociation until the structure of microspores cells was disappeared,leading to complete abortion.PCD in tapetum cells of sterile anthers in advance led to insufficient synthesis of callosase.The callose surrounding the tetrads could be degraded,inability to release the mononuclear microspore from the tetrad microspore.The microspore could not develop furthe

关 键 词：大白菜 核不育 花药 超微观察 

分 类 号：S763.11[农业科学—森林保护学]