猪牙花更新芽年生育进程及鳞茎营养物质含量的变化  

Study on the Growth and Development Process of Renewal Bud and Nutrient Contents of the Bulbs of Erythronium japonicum

作　　者：刘雪莲 蒋明格 朱俊义 齐迹 LIU Xue-lian;JIANG Ming-ge;ZHU Jun-yi;QI Ji(College of Life Science,Tonghua Normal University,Tonghua Jilin 134002,China;Key Laboratory of Evaluation and Application of Changbai Mountain Biological Gerplasm Resources of Jilin Province,Tonghua Jilin 134002,China;Agricultural and Rural Bureau of Erdaojiang District,Tonghua Jilin 134000,China)

机构地区：[1]通化师范学院生命科学学院,吉林通化134002 [2]吉林省长白山生物种质资源评价及应用重点实验室,吉林通化134002 [3]通化市二道江区农业农村局,吉林通化134000

出　　处：《沈阳农业大学学报》2023年第1期46-52,共7页Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University

基　　金：吉林省教育厅项目(JJKH20220505KJ);吉林省科技发展计划项目(20190301078NY)。

摘　　要：以猪牙花更新芽地上生育期和休眠期的鳞茎为研究对象,采用解剖和扫描电镜法观察更新芽形态发育进程,同时测定更新芽不同生育期鳞茎中的淀粉、可溶性总糖、可溶性蛋白含量变化。结果表明:猪牙花更新芽于4月初萌土、随即展叶、开花、结实,于5月中旬枯萎死亡,完成地上生育周期,此时,地下鳞茎亦完成更新生长。5月19日-6月30日进入更新芽地下形态分化期,根据形态特征可分为叶片分化期、花原基分化期、花被片分化期、雄蕊分化期、雌蕊分化期5个时期;7月初-11月初为更新芽地下形态发育期,芽体生长迅速,在土壤上冻前芽体长度已接近或超出鳞茎;随后进入冬眠期。猪牙花鳞茎中营养物质含量与更新芽年生长发育进程密切相关,鳞茎的营养物质含量在更新芽地上生育期的盛果期时大量积累,在更新芽地下分化期消耗较大,更新芽地下发育期间,营养物质含量呈波动变化,可溶性总糖和可溶性蛋白含量在冬眠前含量处于较高的水平。猪牙花更新芽年生育进程可分为4个时期,分别为地上生育期、地下形态分化期、地下形态发育期、冬眠期。猪牙花鳞茎营养物质含量随年生育进程的推进而不断调节变化。In this study,the bulbs of the renewal bud of Erythronium japonicum in the overground growth and dormancy periods were taken as the research object,we studied the morphological of the renewal buds development by anatomical microscope and scanning electron microscope and measured the contents of starch,total soluble sugar,soluble protein.The results were as follows:the renewal buds of E.japonicum sprouted in early April,and then expanded leaves,blossomed and fruited.It withered and died in mid May.And the bulbs completed regeneration at the same time.The underground differentiation period of renewal buds was from May 19th to June30th.It can be divided into five stages:leaf differentiation stage,flower primordium differentiation stage,perianth differentiation stage,stamen differentiation stage and pistil differentiation stage.The development of renewal buds was from early July to early November.The renewal bud grow rapidly,and the length of the bud was close to or beyond the bulb before freezing;and then entered the hibernation period.The nutrient content in the bulb of E.japonicum was closely related to the annual growth and development of the renewal bud.The nutrient content of bulb accumulated greatly in the aboveground growth period and consumed higher in the underground differentiation stage.During the underground development of renewal buds,the content of nutrients fluctuated,and the content of total soluble sugar and soluble protein was at a high level before hibernation.Conclusion:the annual growth process of the renewal buds can be divided into four periods,the aboveground growth period,the underground morphological differentiation period,the underground morphological development period and the hibernation period.The nutrient content of the bulb of E.japonicum is constantly adjusted with the advancement of the annual growth process.

关 键 词：猪牙花 更新芽 鳞茎 营养物质 

分 类 号：Q944.58[生物学—植物学] Q945.6