碳质材料载体对微生物的固定化作用及其在环境污染控制中的应用  

Role of Carbonaceous Material Carrier on Microorganism Immobilization and Its Application in Environmental Pollution Control

作　　者：韩杰[1] 蔡元奇 李欣[1] 翟旻 黄明华 孟军 HAN Jie;CAI Yuan-qi;LI Xin;ZHAI Min;HUANG Ming-hua;MENG Jun(College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine,Shenyang Agricultural University,Shenyang110161,China;College of Agronomy/Rice Research Institute/Liaoning Biochar Engineering&Technology Research Center/Key Laboratory of Biochar and Soil Improvement,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Shenyang Agricultural University,Shenyang 110161,China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学动物科学与医学学院,沈阳110161 [2]沈阳农业大学农学院/水稻研究所/国家生物炭研究院/农业农村部生物炭与土壤改良重点实验室,沈阳110161

出　　处：《沈阳农业大学学报》2023年第1期121-128,共8页Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University

基　　金：现代农业产业技术体系建设专项项目(CARS-01-51)。

摘　　要：微生物的生物吸附和生物降解作用因具有高效低毒、特异性强、环境友好、价格低廉、易于工业化生产等特点而成为治理环境污染物的重要发展方向。然而,在实际生产中直接应用游离微生物常常受限于环境因素导致的微生物活性下降以及由此造成的生物修复效率降低的难题。微生物固定化技术通过吸附、包埋和交联等方式将微生物限定在适宜的载体空间内,可以有效提高微生物的环境抵抗力和代谢活性。载体作为影响固定化微生物活性和生物量,进而制约微生物固定化技术成功实施的关键因素,加强碳质材料包括生物炭、活性炭、碳纳米管和石墨烯及其衍生物等的微生物固定化载体的开发成为具有广阔前景的研究方向。相比于其他载体材料,碳质材料载体具有高稳定性、不溶性、高机械强度、良好的孔隙度、较大的比表面积和可以修饰调节的表面功能,有利于微生物在材料表面附着和生长以及在其内部繁殖和发育,为承载微生物奠定了良好的基础,已被广泛应用于环境保护、生物制药、农业生产、食品工程等领域的环境污染物去除和以促进生产为目的的实践应用中。综述了生物炭、活性炭、碳纳米管和石墨烯及其衍生物作为固定化微生物载体的实践中的应用效果,分析了碳质材料在固定化微生物中的优点与不足,指出了碳质材料作为固定化微生物载体应用的未来潜在的研究方向,以期为在微生物固定化技术中全面了解和使用碳质材料提供参考。The biosorption and biodegradation of microorganisms have become an important development direction for the treatment of environmental pollutants due to their high efficiency,low toxicity,strong specificity,environmental friendliness,low price,and easy industrial production.However,direct application of free microorganisms in practical is often limited by the decline of microbial activity caused by environmental factors and the resulting reduction of bioremediation efficiency.Microbial immobilization technology can effectively improve the environmental resistance and metabolic activity of microorganisms by limiting microorganisms to suitable carrier space by adsorption,embedding and cross-linking.Carrier as key factor that affects the activity and biomass of immobilized microorganisms and further restriction of successful implementation of microbial immobilization technology,strengthening the development of carbonaceous carrier based microbial immobilization carriers including biochar,activated carbon,carbon nanotubes,graphene and its derivatives,has become a research direction with broad prospects.Compared with other carrier materials,carbonaceous carrier has high stability,insolubility,high mechanical strength,good porosity,large specific surface area and surface function that can be modified and adjusted,which is conducive to the attachment and growth of microorganisms on surface of the material as well as its internal reproduction and development,and lay a good foundation for carrying microorganisms,and has been widely used in environmental protection,biopharmaceutical,agricultural production,food engineering and other fields for practical removal of environmental pollutants and production development.This paper summarizes the application effects of biochar,activated carbon,carbon nanotubes,graphene and their derivatives as immobilized microbial carriers in practice,analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of carbonaceous materials,and points out the potential research directions of the application of carbon

关 键 词：微生物固定化体 生物炭 碳质材料 载体 

分 类 号：S19[农业科学—农业基础科学]