长期连续施用猪粪的旱地红壤肥力健康与花生产量研究  

Soil Fertility Health and Peanut Yield in Upland Red Soils under Long-term Continuous Application of Pig Manure

作　　者：司绍诚 涂晨[1] 吴宇澄[3] 李远[1] 骆永明[1,2,3] SI Shao-cheng;TU Chen;WU Yu-cheng;LI Yuan;LUO Yong-ming(Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences/CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation/Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes,Yantai 264003,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Institute of Soil Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences/CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation,Nanjing 210008,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所/中国科学院海岸带环境过程与生态修复重点实验室/山东省海岸带环境过程重点实验室,山东烟台264003 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]中国科学院南京土壤研究所/中国科学院土壤环境与污染修复重点实验室,江苏南京210008

出　　处：《生态与农村环境学报》2023年第4期480-487,共8页Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重大项目(41991330);国家重点研发计划(2016YFE0106400)。

摘　　要：依托中国科学院鹰潭红壤生态实验站内一个连续施肥23 a的旱地红壤-花生作物体系长期定位试验点,重点研究长期施用猪粪对土壤酸度、有机质含量和主要养分等土壤肥力指标与健康的影响。采用由隶属度值制成的雷达图探讨旱地红壤肥力的制约因素,并采用土壤健康指数面积法定量评估土壤肥力健康指数水平,最后以连续施肥23 a后的花生产量验证土壤肥力健康指数的适用性。结果表明,连续23 a的施肥提升了花生地土壤肥力健康水平;与施用化肥相比,施用猪粪大幅降低了土壤可交换性酸度,同时提高了土壤pH值、有机质和氮磷养分含量,从而将整体土壤健康指数从0.70提高到1.20,施用猪粪处理组的花生植株总生物量与花生果粒产量分别是施用化肥组的2.84和2.28倍。因此,长期施用猪粪可有效改善旱地红壤酸度强、养分少等肥力限制条件,提高土壤肥力健康水平及作物产量。Soil fertility health is a hot topic in the study of soil health and crop productivity in cultivated land.This study focused on the effects of long-term application of pig manure on soil fertility health indicators,including soil acidity,organic matter and major nutrients.The study was conducted based on a 23-year long-term fertilization experiment(1996-2019)of upland red soil-peanut crop system at the Yingtan Red Soil Ecological Experiment Station,Chinese Academy of Sciences.To analyze the soil fertility constraints,radar plots were used,and the Soil Health Index-Area(SHI-Area)method was employed to evaluate soil health based on soil fertility parameters.The feasibility of the soil fertility health index was further validated by analyzing the data on peanut yields in the 23rd year.The study′s findings revealed that the application of pig manure resulted in a significant reduction in soil exchangeable acidity when compared to chemical fertilization.Additionally,the application of pig manure increased the soil pH,organic matter,nitrogen,and phosphorus nutrient contents,ultimately elevating the overall soil health index from 0.70 to 1.20.Furthermore,the study show that the total biomass of peanut plants and the yield of peanut kernels in the plots treated with pig manure were 1.8 and 1.3 times higher,respectively,compared to those treated with chemical fertilizer.In conclusion,the study provides evidence that the long-term application of pig manure is a highly effective method to alleviate the limiting factors of high acidity,low nutrients,and low fertility in upland red soil.This approach leads to a significant improvement in soil fertility and crop yield.

关 键 词：旱地红壤 花生 长期定位试验 猪粪 土壤肥力健康指数 

分 类 号：S158.2[农业科学—土壤学]