氮肥后移对直播稻农艺性状与产量的影响  

Effects of the Postponed Application of Nitrogen Fertilizer on the Agronomic Traits and Grain Yield of Direct-sowing Rice

作　　者：刘奇华[1] 尹秀波 郑崇轲 孙召文 LIU Qihua;YIN Xiubo;ZHENG Chongke;SUN Zhaowen(Institute of Wetland Agriculture and Ecology,Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Jinan 250100,China;Shandong Provincial Agricultural Technology Extension Center,Jinan 250100,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省农业科学院湿地农业与生态研究所,山东济南250100 [2]山东省农业技术推广中心,山东济南250000

出　　处：《大麦与谷类科学》2023年第2期38-41,共4页Barley and Cereal Sciences

基　　金：山东省农业科学院农业科技创新工程(CXGC2022A11);山东省重点研发计划(重大科技创新工程)项目(2021TZXD005);山东省农业良种工程项目(2019LZGC003)。

摘　　要：提高氮肥利用效率是水稻氮肥高效减施的重要栽培措施之一。本研究通过减少基肥氮损耗,提高其利用效率,以期探明氮肥后移对旱直播水稻农艺性状及产量的影响。结果表明,随着氮肥的后移,直播稻穗长、一次枝梗数、穗实粒数、产量呈先增加后降低的变化趋势,基肥氮后移至1叶1心期施用,直播稻穗长、一次枝梗数、穗实粒数及产量均显著高于对照,分别比对照高8.50%、7.95%、11.00%和19.94%,伴随基肥氮继续后移,上述指标开始呈下降趋势;当氮后移至3叶1心期,上述指标降至最低水平。氮后移对株高、二次枝梗数、有效穗数、千粒质量等农艺性状无显著影响。与传统施肥模式相比,氮肥后移至1叶1心期施用能明显改善旱直播水稻农艺性状,提高产量,是一种较为合理的氮肥高效施用方式。Improving nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency is crucial to establishing efficient rice cultivation technology with a lower nitrogen application rate.Aiming at reducing the loss of nitrogen fertilizer and increasing the utilization efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer,this research investigated the effects of delaying nitrogen fertilizer application on the agronomic traits and grain yield of dry direct-sowing rice.The results indicated that,with the delay in nitrogen fertilizer application,the panicle length,number of the first branches,number of filled grains per panicle,and grain yield of direct-sowing rice firstly increased and then declined,significantly rising by 8.50%,7.95%,11.00%,and 19.94%,respectively,in the treatment with base-fertilizer nitrogen application postponed to 1.5-leaf stage relative to the control using the conventional fertilization method.However,the above parameters showed the tendency of decreasing as base-fertilizer nitrogen application was further postponed,reaching the lowest when its application was postponed to 3.5-leaf stage.On the other hand,the delay in base-fertilizer nitrogen application did not markedly affect the plant height,number of the secondary branches,number of effective panicles,and 1000-grain weight of direct-sowing rice.Compared with the conventional fertilization method,applying base-fertilizer nitrogen at 1.5-leaf stage significantly improved agronomic traits and elevated grain yield,which,therefore,is an effective N-fertilization method for dry direct-sowing rice.

关 键 词：氮肥 后移 农艺性状 产量 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]