甜高粱-玉米复种与混合青贮对生物量和青贮品质的影响  

Effects of Strip Intercropping of Sweet Sorghum and Corn and Their Mixed Storage as Silage on Their Biomass and Silage Quality

作　　者：孙健雄 刘兴华[1] 程芳梅 施洋 于爱华 高进[1] 陆镇威 韩轩 姜鹏 王海洋[1] 陈应江[1] 杨华[1] 王为[1] SUN Jianxiong;LIU Xinghua;CHENG Fangmei;SHI Yang;YU Aihua;GAO Jin;LU Zhenwei;HAN Xuan;JIANG Peng;WANG Haiyang;CHEN Yingjiang;YANG Hua;WANG Wei(Jiangsu Coastal Area Institute of Agricultural Sciences/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production Co-sponsored by Province and Ministry,Yancheng 224002,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏沿海地区农业科学研究所/现代作物生产省部共建协同创新中心,江苏盐城224002

出　　处：《大麦与谷类科学》2023年第2期48-53,共6页Barley and Cereal Sciences

基　　金：江苏省碳达峰碳中和科技创新项目(BE2022304);江苏省现代农业产业技术体系项目(JATS[2022]236);江苏省农业科技创新与推广补助项目[苏农计(2022)27号文];江苏沿海地区农业科学研究所科研基金项目(YHS202203)。

摘　　要：甜高粱(饲用高粱)与玉米青贮制作青粗饲料在江苏沿海地区畜牧业发展中日益受到重视。为探究甜高粱和青贮玉米带状复种及混合青贮对其生物量和青贮品质的影响,通过甜高粱中科甜438与玉米苏玉29以1︰1带状复种混收混合青贮与甜高粱、玉米单种单收单贮的比较,分析单位面积青贮饲草产量、混合青贮料的青贮品质和营养成分,预测和比较饲喂奶牛的理论乳产量。结果表明,在复种情况下,中科甜438与苏玉29的株高均较单种有所降低,其中甜高粱降低了3.0%,玉米降低了0.8%;鲜产量(4.8 t/667 m^(2))略高于单种的甜高粱与玉米的平均产量(4.5 t/667 m^(2)),干质量(1.50 t/667 m^(2))略高于单种的甜高粱与玉米的平均干质量(1.35 t/667 m^(2));中科甜438与苏玉29混合青贮在粗蛋白、中性洗涤纤维、淀粉、脂肪、灰分、单糖、沁乳净能、钙含量等方面与中科甜438或苏玉29单独青贮间的差异无统计学意义,仅在干物质与酸性洗涤纤维含量方面与中科甜438或苏玉29单独青贮间的差异均具统计学意义(P<0.05);所得混合青贮饲料每吨干物质能使奶牛理论乳产量提升约200 kg。综上,甜高粱和青贮玉米的复种混收混合青贮模式既提高了土地利用率,又降低了饲喂成本、提高了乳产量,具有较好的推广利用前景。It has received more and more attention to make green fodder by mixing sweet sorghum(forage sorghum)and corn for silage in the development of animal husbandry in Jiangsu coastal areas.This study investigated the effects of strip intercropping of the sweet sorghum variety Zhongketian 438 and the corn variety Suyu 29 for silage on their biomass and silage quality.Comparisons were made between their strip intercropping at a ratio of 1∶1 and their separate plantings,and between their mixed harvest and storage,and the separate mode,with respect to silage yield per unit area,quality and nutritional components of the silage,and theoretical milk yield of the cows fed with the silage.The results showed that under the intercropping system,the plant heights of Zhongketian 438 and Suyu 29 decreased compared with their counterparts planted alone,with the sweet sorghum and corn plant heights decreasing by 3.0% and 0.8%,respectively.The fresh weight of silage yield of the intercropping system was between those of sweet sorghum and corn planted alone,slightly higher than that of the average silage yield of the two crops planted alone(4.5 t/667 m^(2)),and the dry weight of silage yield of the intercropping system was also slightly higher than the average value of those of the separately planted sweet sorghum and corn for silage(1.35 t/667 m^(2)).There was no significant difference in crude protein,neutral detergent fiber,starch,fat,ash,monosaccharide,net energy of lactation,and calcium content between the mixed silage of the two crops and the sweet sorghum or corn silage stored alone.However,there were statistically significant differences in dry matter and acid detergent fiber between the mixed silage and the sweet sorghum or corn silage stored alone(P<0.05).The nutrients of the mixed silage are more balanced and comprehensive,and higher in value.The theoretical milk yield of dairy cattle fed with the mixed silage can increase by about 200 kg per ton of the dry matter of the mixed silage.To sum up,the strip intercropping,and m

关 键 词：中科甜438 苏玉29 复种 青贮品质 奶牛 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学] S514