火灾场景下宽体客机人员疏散风险分析  

Analysis of evacuation risk of wide-body aircraft in fire scene

作　　者：吕伟[1] 汪京辉 李加伟 陈文涛[1,2] 房志明 LYU Wei;WANG Jinghui;LI Jiawei;CHEN Wentao;FANG Zhiming(School of Safety Science and Emergency Management,Wuhan University of Technology,Wuhan Hubei 430070,China;China Occupation Safety and Health Association,Beijing,100029,China;Business School,University of Shanghai for Science&Technology,Shanghai 200093,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉理工大学安全科学与应急管理学院,湖北武汉430070 [2]中国职业安全健康协会,北京100029 [3]上海理工大学管理学院,200093

出　　处：《中国安全科学学报》2023年第3期141-146,共6页China Safety Science Journal

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助(52072286,72074149)。

摘　　要：为应对客机迫降时因不确定性撞击可能导致的航空燃油泄漏火灾事故,分析客机客舱火灾场景下的乘客疏散风险,利用PyroSim和Pathfinder软件,综合模拟研究空中客车A350-900型宽体客机迫降时处于水平和前倾2种状态下的客舱火灾动态发展态势及满载时的乘客应急疏散问题,精细化计算客舱内312个座位处的剩余疏散时间,分析客舱各处的疏散风险。研究表明:客舱内的烟气温度和CO体积分数往往率先达到危险临界值,公务舱和超级经济舱的整体可用疏散时间比经济舱长;靠近出口位置和人员较少的公务舱与超级经济舱疏散更快,经济舱由于采用“3-3-3”式横向排布人员密集,导致中部人员必需疏散时间长;客机前倾对客舱火灾发展的影响较为明显,而对整体疏散效率的影响并不突出。In order to deal with the aviation fuel leakage fires that may be caused by the uncertain impact during the forced landing of aircraft,the passenger evacuation risk in the fire scenario was analyzed.PyroSim and Pathfinder software were used to analyze the dynamic development of the cabin fire and the emergency evacuation of passengers when the Airbus A350-900 was forced to land in two states:horizontal and forward.A comprehensive simulation study was conducted to calculate the remaining evacuation time distribution of 312 seats to analyze the safety risks in the cabin of the passenger aircraft.Research shows that the smoke temperature and CO volume fraction in the cabin reach dangerous critical values first,and the overall available evacuation time of business class and super economy class is longer than that of economy class.The evacuation of business class and super economy class,which is close to the exit and has fewer people,is faster.The economy class adopts the"3-3-3"type of horizontal arrangement of people,which leads to a long evacuation time for people in the middle.The impact of the forward tilt of the passenger aircraft on the development of the cabin fire is more obvious,but the impact on the overall evacuation efficiency is not prominent.

关 键 词：宽体客机 火灾场景 疏散风险 迫降姿态 疏散时间 

分 类 号：X928.7[环境科学与工程—安全科学]