基于眼动特性的疏散决策和寻路行为研究  

Study on evacuation decision and wayfinding behavior based on eye tracking characteristics

作　　者：丁天祺 汪澍[1] 魏祎璇 徐一菲 金龙哲[2] DING Tianqi;WANG Shu;WEI Yixuan;XU Yifei;JIN Longzhe(School of Civil and Resource Engineering,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China;Research Institute of Macro-safety Science,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]北京科技大学土木与资源工程学院,北京100083 [2]北京科技大学大安全科学研究院,北京100083

出　　处：《中国安全科学学报》2023年第3期174-180,共7页China Safety Science Journal

基　　金：北京市自然基金面上项目(9232023)。

摘　　要：为探究疏散过程中个体风险型决策行为特征和通道结构对疏散行为的影响,开展带计分奖励规则的模拟疏散试验。被试分别基于电脑端和地下车库疏散任务进行连续决策,利用眼动追踪技术采集被试在此过程中的眼动参数,采用注视时间、注视次数等眼动特性数据表征被试的视觉分配与感知特性,结合决策中冒险行为统计结果,分析疏散过程中被试面对风险时的决策行为变化特征,以及路径特征对寻路行为的影响。结果表明:对于模拟疏散中连续出现的风险型决策任务,随体力消耗,被试更倾向于选择风险较低的路径;被试感觉临近出口时,冒险行为比例增加;被试对首次感知或潜在目标的关键信息会给予更多关注,对疏散决策行为有一定影响;与平坦笔直路径相比,被试在消防门区域、不规则岔路口、连续转弯区域等通道突变处注视时间增加4~6倍,表现出更多的犹豫和折返行为。In order to explore the characteristics of individual risk-based decision-making behavior in the evacuation process and the influence of channel structure on evacuation behavior,simulated evacuation experiments with scoring and reward rules were conducted.The evacuees made continuous decisions based on the evacuation tasks of the computer terminal and the underground garage,respectively.The evacuees'eye movement parameters were collected using eye tracking technology.The evacuees'visual distribution and perception characteristics were characterized by gaze duration,fixation times and other data.Combined with the statistical results of risky behaviors in decision-making,the change characteristics of decision-making behaviors of subjects facing risks in the evacuation process and the influence of path characteristics on wayfinding behaviors were analyzed.The results show that when risky decision-making tasks appear continuously in the simulated evacuation,with physical exhaustion,participants are more inclined to choose the safe road.The proportion of risk-seeking behaviors increases when subjects feel that they are approaching the exit.The evacuees pay more attention to the key information of the first perception or potential target,which influences evacuation decision-making behavior.Compared with the flat and straight path,the subjects'gaze time increases by 4-6 times at the sudden change of the passage,such as the fire gate area,rugged paths,and irregular angles,and show more hesitation and turning back behaviors.

关 键 词：眼动特性 疏散决策 寻路行为 地下建筑 应急疏散 风险型决策 

分 类 号：X910[环境科学与工程—安全科学]