冷环境下基于暖体假人的帐篷内部热舒适性研究  

Thermal comfort study on tent interior based on thermal manikin in cold environment

作　　者：兰明强 李亚运 王祥 郭贤 刘小勇 LAN Mingqiang;LI Yayun;WANG Xiang;GUO Xian;LIU Xiaoyong(School of Civil Engineering,Anhui University of Architecture,Hefei Anhui 230601,China;Hefei Institute of Public Safety Research,Tsinghua University,Anhui Key Laboratory of Disaster Environmental Personnel Safety,Hefei Anhui 230601,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽建筑大学土木工程学院,安徽合肥230601 [2]清华大学合肥公共安全研究院灾害环境人员安全安徽省重点实验室,安徽合肥230601

出　　处：《中国安全科学学报》2023年第3期220-227,共8页China Safety Science Journal

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助(52074163);国家重点研发计划课题(2022YFC3006103);安徽省重点研发计划标准化专项(202104h04020012)。

摘　　要：为了解冷环境下帐篷内部温度变化规律和人员服装需求热阻(IREQ)及身体区域失温风险,以国标救灾帐篷和非标防疫棉帐篷为对象,利用暖体假人开展-10~10℃环境下试验,探究不同类型帐篷的保温性能,并利用经验公式评价人员在帐篷内热舒适性,根据服装热阻对人与环境换热过程的影响,分析暖体假人各部位温度变化情况及加热服对身体区域的改善效果。研究结果表明:国标救灾帐篷比非标防疫棉帐篷保温性能好,且温度越低两者相差越大;人在帐篷内部的热舒适性随温度降低而降低,其中,地板温度对人体局部不满意率影响较大;当服装热阻低于需求热阻时,暖体假人左前臂和右小腿温度下降幅度最大,分别为4.7和5.3℃,当打开加热服加热,服装覆盖区域温度明显上升;当环境温度降到-10℃,即使打开45℃加热档位暖体假人各区域温度仍出现明显下降,其中暖体假人左前臂下降5.3℃,右前臂下降6.5℃左右。In order to understand the law of temperature change inside the tent,the personnel required clothing insulation(IREQ)and the risk of hypothermia in a cold environment,the national standard disaster relief tent and epidemic prevention tent were used to carry out experimental research in the environment from-10 to 10℃using the thermal manikin to explore the thermal insulation performance of different types of tents.The empirical formula was used to evaluate the thermal comfort of personnel inside the tent.The improvement effect of the heated clothing on the body area was analyzed according to the thermal resistance of clothing on the heat exchange process between people and the environment influence,the temperature change of various parts of the thermal manikin.Research shows that:the national standard disaster relief tent has better insulation performance than the epidemic prevention tent,and the difference was greater when the temperature was lower.The thermal comfort of people inside the tent decreases with the temperature,and the floor temperature has a great impact on the local dissatisfaction rate of the human body.When the clothing thermal resistance was lower than the demand thermal resistance,the temperatures of the left forearm and right calf of the thermal manikin decrease the most,by 4.7℃and 5.3℃,respectively.When the heating suit was turned on,the clothing temperature of the covered area rose significantly.When the ambient temperature dropped to-10℃,the temperature of the thermal manikin still dropped significantly in all areas,even when the 45℃heating gear was turned on,with dropped by 5.3℃in the left forearm and around 6.5℃in the right forearm.

关 键 词：冷环境 暖体假人 帐篷内部 热舒适性 需求热阻 失温风险 

分 类 号：X968[环境科学与工程—安全科学]