超越凝视:附近“视域”中的观察行动何以缓解城市人兽冲突——以S市X社区人貉冲突问题为例  

Beyond the Gaze:How Observation in the Nearby"Scope of Vision"Can Mitigate Resident-Wildlife Conflict:A Case Study of Human-Raccoon Dog Conflict in Community X of City S

作　　者：吴迪 顾金土[1,2,3] Wu Di;Gu Jintu

机构地区：[1]河海大学社会学系,江苏南京210098 [2]河海大学环境与社会研究中心 [3]河海大学江苏省长江保护与高质量发展研究基地

出　　处：《鄱阳湖学刊》2023年第2期45-58,126,127,共16页Journal of Poyang Lake

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“生态文明视域下乡村人居环境建设的社会机制研究”(19BSH078)。

摘　　要：随着越来越多野生动物与人类共同栖息在城市,居民与野生动物之间产生冲突的频率日渐增加,这不仅需要提升城市生物多样性管理水平,而且需要城市居民观察、接纳附近“视域”中的野生动物,学习与“新邻居们”共存。与带有审判、监督含义的“凝视”不同,“观察”不仅指的是一种简单的视觉感知,还是指生命体对附近的生活世界保持高度敏感,以促进信息流动、情感关联并引导行动改变。因此,应该超越“凝视”,从经验层面研究人们的观察行动。观察行动有三个具体的维度,即行为认知、情感卷入与行动实践。即便面对同一个物种,人们对它的观察行动也大相径庭。不同的观察野生动物的行动对“人-野生动物”关系的影响也不同,其中科学与日常观察有利于提高居民对野生动物的认知,缓解居民与野生动物之间的冲突。这意味着,构建和谐、友善的社区需要人们在日常生活的附近“视域”中,与他者形成“你中有我、我中有你”的相互观察。As more and more wild animals live together with humans in cities,there are more frequent conflicts between them.This not only demands a higher level of urban biodiversity management,but also requires urban residents to observe and accept the wildlife in their nearby"scope of vision"and learn to coexist with their"new neighbors"."Observation"is different from"gaze"in that the latter often suggests judgment and supervision.Moreover,observation does not confine itself to simple visual perception,but in eludes a living being's high sensitivity to the surroundings.This sensitivity can facilitate the flow of information and emotional connections,leading to changes in action.Therefore,it is essential to study people's observational actions at the experiential level beyond the gaze.There are three specific dimensions of the observational action,namely behavioral perception,emotional involvement,and active practice,which differ greatly even when people observe the same species.Difierent observational actions have difierent impacts on the human-wildlife relationship.Among them,scientific and daily observations help to improve residents*knowledge about wildlife and mitigate their conflicts with wildlife.This means that it is not"gaze"but a mutual observation with the other in the daily nearby scope of vision that we need to build a harmonious and friendly community where humans and other beings coexist harmoniously.

关 键 词：野生动物 城市人兽冲突 观察行动 

分 类 号：C91[经济管理]