走出国际环境合作的“囚徒困境”——以20世纪初《英美保护候鸟条约》的争论为借鉴  

The Way out of the"Prisoner's Dilemma"of International Environmental Cooperation:A Les son from the Dispute over the Convention between the United States and Great Britain for the Protection of Migratory Birds in the Early 20th Century

作　　者：张岳华 Zhang Yuehua

机构地区：[1]福建师范大学社会历史学院,福建福州3501179

出　　处：《鄱阳湖学刊》2023年第2期76-88,127,128,共15页Journal of Poyang Lake

摘　　要：1916年《英美保护候鸟条约》的签订,引发了美国社会不同群体的巨大争议,其内容涉及国际环境合作、联邦缔约权与州权的关系以及公民利益与全球环境利益的冲突等问题。这场争议表面上看是鸟类保护主义者与反环保主义者之间的论战,但却反映了民族国家利益与国际环境合作冲突所产生的“囚徒困境”。虽然该争议最终以最高法院在密苏里诉霍兰德案中的裁决而告一段落,但它产生的影响一直持续至今。以《英美保护候鸟条约》的争论为借鉴,各国政府只有改变其逃避自身国际责任的单边主义心态,才能携手合作走出国际环境合作的“囚徒困境”,最终使全球环境意识深入人心。The signing of the Convention between the United States and Great Britain for the Protection of Migratory Birds in 1916 sparked great controversy among difierent groups in American society over international environmental cooperation,the relationship between federal contracting rights and states'rights,and the conflict between citizen interests and global environmental interests.The dispute was ostensibly a debate between bird conservationists and anti-environmentalists,but it reflected a"prisoner's dilemma"arising from the confEct between national interests and international environmental cooperation.Although the dispute eventually ended with the Supreme Court*s decision in Missouri v.Holland,its impact has continued to this day.Learning from the controversy over the Convention between the United States and Great Britain for the Protection of Migratory Birds,governments of all countries need to change their uni lateralism mentality of avoiding their international responsibilities and work together to get out of the"prisoner's dilemma"of international environmental cooperation.Only by doing so can they finally make global environmental awareness take root in people's hearts.

关 键 词：国际环境合作 《英美保护候鸟条约》 美国资源保护运动 环境史 

分 类 号：D996.9[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学]