Spatiotemporal variations of ozone exposure and its risks to vegetation and human health in Cyprus:an analysis across a gradient of altitudes  

作　　者：Stefanos Agathokleous Costas JSaitanis Chrysanthos Savvides Pierre Sicard Evgenios Agathokleous Alessandra De Marco 

机构地区：[1]The Cyprus Institute,Nicosia,Cyprus [2]University of the Aegean,Mytilene,Lesvos,Greece [3]Agricultural University of Athens,Athens,Greece [4]Department of Labour Inspection,Ministry of Labour and Social Insurance,Nicosia,Cyprus [5]ARGANS,260 route du Pin Montard,Biot,France [6]School of Applied Meteorology,Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology(NUIST),Nanjing 210044,People’s Republic of China [7]National Agency for New Technologies,Energy and Sustainable Economic Development,Rome,Italy

出　　处：《Journal of Forestry Research》2023年第3期579-594,共16页林业研究（英文版）

基　　金：supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(No.4210070867);the Foreign Young Talents Fund of the National Ministry of Science and Technology,China(No.31950410547);The Startup Foundation for Introducing Talent of Nanjing University of Information Science&Technology(NUIST),Nanjing,China(No.003080);the Jiangsu Distinguished Professor program of the People’s Government of Jiangsu Province,China.

摘　　要：Ground-level ozone(O_(3)) aff ects vegetation and threatens environmental health when levels exceed critical values,above which adverse eff ects are expected.Cyprus is expected to be a hotspot for O_(3)concentrations due to its unique position in the eastern Mediterranean,receiving air masses from Europe,African,and Asian continents,and experiencing a warm Mediterranean climate.In Cyprus,the spatiotemporal features of O_(3) are poorly understood and the potential risks for forest health have not been explored.We evaluated O_(3) and nitrogen oxides(NO and NO 2)at four regional background stations at different altitudes over 2014−2016.O_(3) risks to vegetation and human health were estimated by calculating accumulated O_(3)exposure over a threshold of 40 nmol mol^(−1)(AOT40)and cumulative exposure to mixing ratios above 35 nmol mol^(−1)(SOMO35)indices.The data reveal that mean O_(3)concentrations follow a seasonal pattern,with higher levels in spring(51.8 nmol mol^(−1))and summer(53.2 nmol mol^(−1))and lower levels in autumn(46.9 nmol mol^(−1))and winter(43.3 nmol mol^(−1)).The highest mean O_(3)exposure(59.5 nmol mol^(−1)) in summer occurred at the high elevation station Mt.Troodos(1819 m a.s.l.).Increasing(decreasing)altitudinal gradients were found for O_(3)(NO x),driven by summer–winter diff erences.The diurnal patterns of O_(3) showed little variation.Only at the lowest altitude O_(3) displayed a typical O_(3) diurnal pattern,with hourly diff erences smaller than 15 nmol mol^(−1).Accumulated O_(3) exposures at all stations and in all years exceeded the European Union’s limits for the protection of vegetation,with average values of 3-month(limit:3000 nmol mol^(−1)h)and 6-month(limit:5000 nmol mol^(−1)h)AOT40 for crops and forests of 16,564 and 31,836 nmol mol^(−1)h,respectively.O_(3) exposures were considerably high for human health,with an average SOMO35 value of 7270 nmol mol^(−1) days across stations and years.The results indicate that O_(3) is a major environmental and public h

关 键 词：Air pollution Ozone risk assessment Exposure metrics VEGETATION Human health 

分 类 号：X515[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X820.4