砷碱渣综合利用工艺及机理研究  

Process and mechanism investigation on comprehensive utilization of arsenic-alkali residue

作　　者：龚傲 吴选高 李金辉 王瑞祥 徐家聪 温盛汇 易勤 田磊 徐志峰 GONG Ao;WU Xuan-gao;LI Jin-hui;WANG Rui-xiang;XU Jia-cong;WEN Sheng-hui;YI Qin;TIAN Lei;XU Zhi-feng(Institute of Green Metallurgy and Process Intensification,Jiangxi University of Science and Technology,Ganzhou 341000,China;Ganzhou Engineering Technology Research Center of Green Metallurgy and Process Intensification,Ganzhou 341000,China;Jiangxi College of Applied Technology,Ganzhou 341000,China)

机构地区：[1]Institute of Green Metallurgy and Process Intensification,Jiangxi University of Science and Technology,Ganzhou 341000,China [2]Ganzhou Engineering Technology Research Center of Green Metallurgy and Process Intensification,Ganzhou 341000,China [3]Jiangxi College of Applied Technology,Ganzhou 341000,China

出　　处：《Journal of Central South University》2023年第3期721-734,共14页中南大学学报（英文版）

基　　金：Project(2019YFC1907405) supported by the National Key R&D Program of China;Projects(52064021,52074136,51974140,52064018) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China;Project(20204BCJL23031) supported by the Jiangxi Provincial Cultivation Program for Academic and Technical Leaders of Major Subjects,China;Project(20202ACB213002) supported by the Jiangxi Province Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars,China;Project(2019KY09) supported by the Merit-based Postdoctoral Research in Jiangxi Province,China;Project(JXUSTQJBJ2020004) supported by the Program of Qingjiang Excellent Young Talents,Jiangxi University of Science and Technology,China;Project(20212ACB204015) supported by the Key Projects of Jiangxi Key R&D Plan,China。

摘　　要：砷碱渣是锑冶炼行业产生的固体废渣,对环境和人体健康构成严重威胁。目前,常见的砷碱渣湿法处理工艺不仅有价元素回收率低、砷碱分离不完全,还会产生砷碱混合盐,无法实现砷碱渣完全无害化处理。为解决这些问题,本文采用氧化水浸处理砷碱渣,实现了砷和锑的分离,砷、锑的浸出率分别为91.79%和0.62%,浸出渣可返回锑冶炼系统回收锑。通过碳热还原直接从砷碱混合盐(砷碱液蒸发结晶产物)中分离砷和碱,98.3%的砷可被脱除并制备成具有商业价值的无毒高纯金属砷,纯度达到99.9%;碱可从还原后渣中实现回收,良好地实现了砷碱混合盐的无害化和资源化处理。通过热力学、物相和砷价态分析研究了砷还原路径及挥发机理。Arsenic-alkali residue is a solid waste produced by the antimony smelting industry,which can pose a threat to the environment and human health.The common wet treatment process of arsenic-alkali residue has a low recovery of valuable elements,incomplete separation of arsenic and alkali,and also produces arsenic-alkali mixed salt,which cannot realize the completely harmless treatment of arsenic-alkali residue.In order to solve these problems,the oxidative water leaching process was used to treat arsenic-alkali residue,which realized the separation of arsenic and antimony.The leaching efficiencies of arsenic and antimony were 91.79%and 0.62%,respectively.The leaching residue could be returned to the antimony smelting system to recover antimony.Then the arsenic and alkali were directly separated from the arsenic-alkali mixed salt by carbothermal reduction,and 98.3%of arsenic was removed,and the non-toxic metallic arsenic with 99.9%purity was prepared.The alkali could be recovered from the slag after reduction,which solved the problem of harmless and recycling treatment of arsenic-alkali mixed salts.The mechanism of arsenic reduction pathway was studied through thermodynamic,phase,and arsenic valence state analyses.

关 键 词：砷碱渣 资源回收 分离 碳热还原 金属砷 

分 类 号：TQ126.41[化学工程—无机化工] X758[环境科学与工程—环境工程]