管板接头残余应力的数值模拟计算及测试  

Numerical simulation and experimental analysis of residual stress of tube sheet joint

作　　者：殷翔 马成燕 周凯 王新民 王毅 王晓军[2] YIN Xiang;MA Cheng-yan;ZHOU Kai;WANG Xin-min;WANG Yi;WANG Xiao-jun(Gansu Construction Investment Lanzhou New Area Construction Management Co.Ltd.,Lanzhou 730087,China;College of Materials Science and Engineering,Lanzhou Univ.of Tech.,Lanzhou 730050,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃建投兰州新区建设管理有限公司,甘肃兰州730087 [2]兰州理工大学材料科学与工程学院,甘肃兰州730050

出　　处：《兰州理工大学学报》2023年第2期30-34,共5页Journal of Lanzhou University of Technology

摘　　要：利用有限元软件ABAQUS进行换热器管板焊接接头残余应力数值模拟,获得了管板焊接接头径向和环向残余应力的计算数值.结果表明:最大径向残余应力出现在相邻角焊缝间的热影响区;环向残余应力最大值则位于焊缝根部焊趾,而实际使用中焊趾与换热介质直接接触,易造成换热管与管板连接处的应力腐蚀开裂.通过X射线衍射法测量了管板接头焊后、先焊后胀两种工艺热影响区的环向残余应力值,发现制造过程中采取先焊后胀的方法不但减小了换热管与管板的间隙,还使焊后残余应力值下降,甚至应力形成从拉应力转变为压应力,降低了管子与管板之间发生应力腐蚀的可能性.对比焊后环向残余应力的计算值与实测值,二者变化趋势一致.Radial and hoop residual stress value of the welded joint between tube and tube sheet were predicted by the thermal stress analysis module of FEA software ABAQUS.The simulation results showed that the maximum radial stress appears on the heat affected zone(HAZ)between the adjacent welds in the surface of the tube sheet.The maximum value of hoop stress is located in the weld toes,and close to the gaps between tube and tube sheet.The weld toe is directly contacted with heat exchange medium,which is prone to stress corrosion cracking at the connection between the heat exchange tube and the tube plate.The welding residual stress in the heat affected zone of the tube and plate joint are measured by X-ray diffraction method.It is found that the process of expansion before welding reduce the probability of stress corrosion between the tube and tube sheet because not only the gap between the heat exchange tube and tube sheet is reduced,but also welding residual stress value is decreased,even the tensile stress is turned into compressive stress.Comparing the calculated and measured values of the post-weld hoop residual stresses,the trend of both is consistent.

关 键 词：管板接头 残余应力 数值模拟 X射线应力测定 

分 类 号：TG442[金属学及工艺—焊接]