反思与重构:竞业限制协议效力审查规则  

Rethinking and Reconstructing:Rules for Reviewing the Validity of Non-Compete Agreements

作　　者：喻术红[1] 贾唯宇 YU Shu-hong;JIA Wei-yu(Law School,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,Hubei,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学法学院,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《华南理工大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第2期93-104,共12页Journal of South China University of Technology(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目“数字经济下我国劳动法面临的挑战与转型研究”(19CFX077)。

摘　　要：在我国竞业限制制度司法实践中,适用主体泛化、限制范围不合理、权利义务不对等等问题颇为突出,这表明企业存在不当利用竞业限制协议约束劳动者跳槽或创业的倾向。这些问题与现行竞业限制协议效力审查规则密切相关:《中华人民共和国劳动合同法》规定的协议效力审查规则偏重形式合意,其价值逻辑过于重视用人单位经营利益,忽视了劳动自由的人权价值、人力资源自由配置的效率价值和知识溢出效应的创新价值。为规范竞业限制协议,有必要重构协议效力审查规则,确立“合理性”审查标准,从适用主体、限制范围、经济补偿多方面审查协议内容的实质合理性,全面审慎判定协议效力。In the judicial practice of China s non-compete system,the problems of generalization of applicable subjects,unreasonable scope of restrictions,and inequality of rights and obligations are quite prominent,which indicate that enterprises have the tendency to improperly use non-compete agreements to restrain employees from job-hopping or starting a business.The above problems are closely related to the existing rules for reviewing the validity of non-compete agreements:the rules for reviewing the validity of agreements stipulated in the Labor Contract Law emphasize formal consent,and its value logic places too much emphasis on the business interests of employers,ignoring the human rights value of labor freedom,the efficiency value of free allocation of human resources and the innovation value of knowledge spillover effect.In order to regulate the abuse of non-compete agreements,it is necessary to reconstruct the rules for reviewing the validity of agreements,establish the standard of“reasonableness”review,review the substantive reasonableness of the content of the agreements in terms of the applicable subjects,the scope of restrictions and economic compensation,and determine the validity of the agreements in a comprehensive and prudent manner.

关 键 词：竞业限制协议 效力审查 合理性 审查规则 合同解除 

分 类 号：D922.5[政治法律—民商法学]