控制排水条件下黄豆氮磷吸收利用及产量的试验研究  

Experimental Study on the Absorption and Utilization of Nitrogen and Phosphorus and the Yield of Soybean under Controlled Drainage Conditions

作　　者：廖薇 何军[1,2] 王平章 贺天忠[3] 马煜[3] 胡小梅[3] 郑传飞[3] LIAO Wei;HE Jun;WANG Pingzhang;HE Tianzhong;MA Yu;HU Xiaomei;ZHENG Chuanfei(College of Hydraulic&Environmental Engineering,China Three Gorges University,Yichang 443002,China;Engineering Research Center of Eco-environment in Three Gorges Reservoir Region,Ministry of Education,China Three Gorges University,Yichang 443002,China;Hubei Zhanghe Hydraulic Project Administration Bureau,Jingmen 448156,China)

机构地区：[1]三峡大学水利与环境学院,湖北宜昌443002 [2]三峡大学三峡库区生态环境教育部工程研究中心,湖北宜昌443002 [3]湖北省漳河工程管理局,湖北荆门448156

出　　处：《华北水利水电大学学报（自然科学版）》2023年第1期49-55,共7页Journal of North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power：Natural Science Edition

基　　金：湖北省水利重点科研项目(HBSLKY201801);国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC1508302)。

摘　　要：为揭示控制排水条件下黄豆氮磷吸收利用及产量的影响机理,2019—2020年连续2年在湖北省漳河灌区开展了自由排水(埋深1.2 m)、定水位排水(埋深0.6 m)、变水位排水(埋深0.4~0.8 m)3种排水处理条件下黄豆种植小区试验。试验结果表明:定水位排水处理条件下的黄豆产量最高,分别为1795.5 kg/hm^(2)(2019年)和2118.2 kg/hm^(2)(2020年);氮、磷吸收利用效率在定水位排水处理条件下的最大,氮肥偏生产力分别为7.70 kg/kg(2019年)、9.08 kg/kg(2020年),磷肥偏生产力分别为15.42 kg/kg(2019年)、18.19 kg/kg(2020年);定水位排水处理条件下的氮素收获指数为最高,达50.0%(2020年),比自由排水处理条件下和变水位排水处理条件下的分别高2.3%和2.8%;磷素收获指数也是在定水位排水处理条件下的最高,为37.6%(2020年),比自由排水处理条件下和变水位排水处理条件下的分别高3.1%和0.7%。定水位排水处理条件(埋深0.6 m)不仅有利于提高黄豆的产量,同时也有利于提高植株的氮、磷肥吸收利用效率,是漳河灌区黄豆种植较优的排水处理模式。In order to reveal the mechanism of nitrogen and phosphorus absorption and utilization and the yield of soybean under controlled drainage conditions,the soybean plot experiments under free drainage(FD,buried depth of 1.2 m),fixed water level(FL,buried depth of 0.6 m)and changed water level(CL,buried depth of 0.4~0.8 m),were carried out in Zhanghe Irrigation Area of Hubei for two consecutive years from 2019 to 2020.The results show that under FL,the soybean yield is the highest,which was 1795.5 kg/hm^(2) in 2019 and 2118.2 kg/hm^(2) in 2020,respectively.Nitrogen and phosphorus absorption and utilization efficiency are the highest under FL,and nitrogen partial productivity is 7.70 kg/kg in 2019 and 9.08 kg/kg in 2020,respectively.Partial productivity of phosphorus fertilizer is 15.42 kg/kg in 2019 and 18.19 kg/kg in 2020,respectively.The nitrogen harvest index of under FL is 50.0%in 2020,which is 2.3%and 2.8%higher than those under FD and CL,respectively.The phosphorus harvest index under FL is also the highest,it is 37.6%in 2020,which is 3.1%and 0.7%higher than those under FD and CL,respectively.FL is not only beneficial to improve the yield of soybeans,but also to improve the nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer absorption and utilization efficiency,which is a better drainage mode for soybean planting in Zhanghe Irrigation Area.

关 键 词：控制排水 黄豆 产量 氮肥偏生产力 磷肥偏生产力 氮素收获指数 磷素收获指数 

分 类 号：S271[农业科学—农业水土工程] X592[农业科学—农业工程]