转子许用剩余不平衡量的分析与试验  

Analysis and Test on Permissible Residual Unbalance of Rotors

作　　者：葛玉柱 雷雪梅 张跃春 方志翔 卢璋 GE Yuzhu;LEI Xuemei;ZHANG Yuechun;FANG Zhixiang;LU Zhang(Hunan Fine High Intelligent Equipment Co.,Ltd.Zhuzhou,412000,China;Hunan Hangxiang Gas Turbine Co.,Ltd.Zhuzhou,412000,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南泛航智能装备有限公司,株洲412000 [2]湖南航翔燃气轮机有限公司,株洲412000

出　　处：《振动．测试与诊断》2023年第2期371-377,414,415,共9页Journal of Vibration,Measurement & Diagnosis

基　　金：湖南省高新技术产业科技创新引领计划资助项目(2020GK4059)。

摘　　要：针对转子平衡问题,分析了目前国际上常用的确定许用剩余不平衡量的方法,探讨了各标准及相关方法的原理、出发点及发展历史,明确了不同计算方法中各物理量的含义,提出了在使用不同方法时的注意事项和建议,比较了各方法所得出的许用剩余不平衡量引起的不平衡力以及所占轴颈静载荷的百分比。通过试验验证了许用剩余不平衡量对高速叶轮机械振动和温度的影响。对于常用的平衡品质级别:在现有常用动平衡机能达到的灵敏度内,美国石油协会(American Petroleum Institute,简称API)规定的许用剩余不平衡量最小,对轴承寿命的影响也最小;工程应用中,需考虑动平衡机的灵敏度,以确定合适的许用剩余不平衡量;许用剩余不平衡量应按照相应的准则分配到校正平面;确定许用剩余不平衡量的各方法所用公式中物理量的含义各不相同,具有较强的行业特征和时代特征,其中API考虑了动平衡机的灵敏度水平,更具技术先进性、经济性、可操作性及应用参考价值。Focus on the balance of rotors,international widely used methods of permissible residual unbalance is analyzed,the principles,starting points and development history of various standards and related formulas is discussed,the meanings of physical quantities used in different equations is specified,and suggestions and matters needing attention on using these equations is proposed.Forces due to permissible residual unbalance and its ratio in the static journal loads from different methods are compared.The tests verifies the influence of the permissible residual unbalance on the vibration and temperature of the high-speed rotor machine.For commonly used balance quality grades,considering the sensitivity of conventional balance machines,the permissible residual unbalance specified by American Petroleum Institute(API)is the smallest,and the impact on bearing life is also the smallest.To determine appropriate permissible residual unbalance,it should consider the sensitivity of dynamic balancing machine in practical engineering.The permissible residual unbalance should be allocated to correction planes according to corresponding criteria.Special attention should be paid that the meanings of the same physical quantity used in equations on permissible residual unbalance are different,each method has strong industry characteristics and era characteristics.Among them API is with more application value as takes into account the sensitivity level of dynamic balancing machines,and is more technologically advanced,economical and operability.

关 键 词：转子 许用剩余不平衡量 平衡品质级别 分配 不平衡力 动平衡机灵敏度 

分 类 号：TH132[机械工程—机械制造及自动化] TH442[理学—固体力学] O347.6[理学—力学]