“减穴稳苗”田间配置对西南稻区水稻冠层结构和光能分布的影响  

Effects of Field Configuration of ′Increasing the Number of Seedlings Per Hill with Reduced Number of Hills′ on Rice Canopy Structure and Light Energy Distribution Characteristics of Indica Hybrid Rice in the Southwest China

作　　者：李博[1,2] 袁玉洁 何辰延 周星 李秋萍[1] 朱莜芸[1] 何宇欣 黄小凡 艾小凤 陈勇 周伟[1] 程红[1] 王丽[1] 肖洪[3] 任万军 邓飞[1] LI Bo;YUAN Yujie;HE Chenyan;ZHOU Xing;LI Qiuping;ZHU Youyun;HE Yuxin;HUANG Xiaofan;AI Xiaofeng;CHEN Yong;ZHOU Wei;CHENG Hong;WANG Li;XIAO Hong;REN Wanjun;DENG Fei(College of Agronomy,Sichuan Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Crop Eco-Physiology,and Farming System in Southwest China/State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China,Chengdu 611130,China;Ankang University/School of Arts,Ankang 725000,Shaanxi,China;Hanyuan Agricultural and Rural Bureau,Hanyuan 625300,Sichuan,China)

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学/农业农村部西南作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室/西南作物基因资源发掘与利用国家重点实验室,成都611130 [2]安康学院/艺术学院,陕西安康725000 [3]汉源县农业农村局,四川汉源625300

出　　处：《四川农业大学学报》2023年第2期266-274,共9页Journal of Sichuan Agricultural University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(U20A2022、31901442);四川省科技计划项目(2021YJ0492)。

摘　　要：【目的】明确“减穴稳苗”田间配置对西南稻区杂交籼稻冠层结构和光能分布特征的影响,从而为“减穴稳苗”田间配置在西南稻区的推广应用提供理论和实践依据。【方法】在温江和汉源2个生态点设置田间试验,采用单因素随机区组设计,设常规密植田间配置(THDP,行穴距30.0 cm×12.0 cm,每穴1.5苗,单、双苗错穴移栽)和“减穴稳苗”田间配置(ISRH,行穴距30.0 cm×24.0 cm,每穴3苗)两种配置,研究了不同田间配置对水稻冠层结构、冠层光能分布以及光合特性的影响。【结果】(1)较常规密植,减穴稳苗显著提高了两生态点单穴茎蘖数,使抽穗期水稻上三叶的叶倾角下降了0.93%~3.97%,进而使单穴叶面积和冠层幅度显著增加80.39%和28.99%。(2)减穴稳苗改善了水稻冠层中下部通透性,使温江生态点冠层3~40 cm处的透光率提高了18.08%~42.55%,汉源生态点冠层3~100 cm处的透光率提高了5.49%~44.22%,进而使抽穗至成熟期冠层底部的日辐射量和光照度分别提高46.74%和11.54%~75.63%。(3)较常规密植,减穴稳苗有效提高了水稻上三叶的光合能力,剑叶、倒2叶和倒3叶的净光合速率分别提高了16.96%~30.33%、9.35%~16.62%和12.93%~32.76%。【结论】采用减穴稳苗田间配置可有效改善宜香优2115的冠层结构,使冠层中下部的透光率明显提高,进而增加冠层底部光能供给,显著提升水稻上三叶的净光合速率。【Objective】 The current study was conducted to clarify the effect of the field configuration of 'increasing the number of seedlings per hill with reduced number of hills' (ISRH) on the canopy structure and light energy distribution characteristics of indica hybrid rice in the southwest China,and provide theoretical and practical basis for the popularization and application of ISRH field configuration in southwest rice area.【Method】 A single-factor randomized field experiment was conducted to study the effects of different field configurations on canopy structure,light energy distribution,and photosynthetic characteristics of rice at Wenjiang and Hanyuan in Sichuan Province.Two field configurations including the traditional high-density planting(THDP,row hole spacing 30.0 cm × 12.0 cm,1.5 seedlings per hill,single and double seedlings staggered transplanting) and increasing the number of seedlings per hill with reduced number of hills(ISRH,row hole spacing 30.0 cm × 24.0 cm,3 seedlings per hill) were set.【Result】(1)Compared with THDP,ISRH significantly increased the number of tillers per hill and decreased the leaf inclination angle of the upper three leaves by 0.93 %-3.97 % at heading stage at both study sites,which significantly increased the leaf area and canopy amplitude of single hill by 80.39 % and 28.99%,respectively.(2)ISRH improved the permeability of the middle and lower parts of the rice canopy,which contributed to 18.08%-42.55% and 5.49%-44.22% increase in light transmittance of the canopy from 3cm to 40 cm at Wenjiang and from 3 cm to 100 cm at Hanyuan,respectively.This leaded to the 46.74%and 11.54%-75.63% significant increase the daily radiation and illumination at the bottom of the canopy after heding,respectively.(3)Compared with THDP,ISRH effectively improved the photosynthetic capacity of the upper three leaves of rice.The net photosynthetic rates of flag leaf,second leaf and third leaf increased by 16.96%-30.33%,9.35%-16.62% and 12.93%-32.76%,respectively.【Conclusion】 ISRH imp

关 键 词：水稻 田间配置 西南稻区 冠层结构 光能分布 

分 类 号：S511.21[农业科学—作物学]