不同施肥对葡萄苗根际微生物量、土壤酶活性和生理的影响  

Effects of Different Fertilization on Rhizosphere Microbial Biomass,Soil Enzyme Activity and Physiology of Grape Seedlings

作　　者：刘芳[1] 汪航飞 蒲春燕 蔡紫阳 吴三林[1] LIU Fang;WANG Hangfei;PU Chunyan;CAI Ziyang;WU Sanlin(College of Life Sciences,Leshan Normal University,Leshan 614000,Sichuan,China)

机构地区：[1]乐山师范学院生命科学学院,四川乐山614000

出　　处：《四川农业大学学报》2023年第2期318-324,共7页Journal of Sichuan Agricultural University

基　　金：四川省重点实验室科研项目竹类病虫防控与资源开发(ZLKF20-07、ZLKF20-09)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究不同施肥处理对葡萄根际微生物量、土壤酶活性和生理的影响。【方法】以妮娜女王、夏黑和阳光玫瑰3个品种的葡萄苗为试验材料,对各品种分别采用3种施肥方式:施用腐熟有机肥(CK组)、腐熟有机肥+微生物菌肥(复合微生物菌肥组)和腐熟有机肥+竹纤维微生物菌肥(竹纤维菌肥组)。随机采集根际土壤,测定其土壤氮、磷、钾含量、微生物量和土壤酶活性,测定葡萄苗叶叶绿素含量和叶相对含水量。【结果】2种菌肥均能显著提升3个品种葡萄根际土壤中速效氮、速效磷和速效钾含量,且表现为竹纤维菌肥组显著高于复合微生物菌肥组。2种菌肥均能显著提升葡萄根际微生物量,其中竹纤维菌肥组的细菌数量显著高于复合微生物菌肥组,而真菌和放线菌无显著差异。施加竹纤维菌肥的土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶和磷酸酶的活性均大幅提高,复合微生物菌肥组有增幅,但增幅相对较小;2种菌肥对土壤过氧化氢酶活性的影响均较小,但仍有小幅提高,且表现为竹纤维菌肥高于复合微生物菌肥。2种菌肥均能显著提升葡萄苗叶叶绿素含量和相对含水量,且表现为竹纤维菌肥组略高于复合微生物菌肥组。【结论】施用竹纤维菌肥能够有效解决植物根际微生物在土壤中的适应性问题,显著提高葡萄根际土壤的微生物量。提高根际土壤脲酶、过氧化氢酶、蔗糖酶和磷酸酶的活性,促进土壤基质中养分的转化,增加土壤养分氮、磷和钾含量,提高葡萄苗叶叶绿素含量和叶相对含水量。【Objective】 This study aims to investigate the effects of different fertilization treatments on microbial mass,soil enzyme activity and physiology of grapes in the rhizosphere.【Method】 The grape seedlings of three varieties of Nina Queen,Summer Black and Shine Muscat have been selected as test materials,each of which has been adopted with three fertilization methods respectively:application of well-rotted organic fertilizer(CK group),rotten organic fertilizer+microbial fertilizer(compound microbial fertilizer group) and rotted organic fertilizer+bamboo fiber microbial fertilizer(bamboo fiber fertilizer group).Rhizosphere soil has been randomly collected to determine soil nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium content,microbial biomass and soil enzyme activity,and chlorophyll content and relative leaf water content of grape seedlings.【Result】 Both bacterial fertilizers can significantly increase the contents of available nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium in the rhizosphere soil of the three varieties of grapes,and the bamboo fiber fertilizer group was significantly higher than that in the compound microbial fertilizer group.Both kinds of bacterial fertilizers can significantly increase the microbial biomass of grape rhizosphere,and the number of bacteria in the bamboo fiber fertilizer group was significantly higher than that in the compound microbial fertilizer group,while there was no significant difference between fungi and actinomycetes.The activities of urease,sucrase and phosphatase in soil under bamboo fiber fertilizer were greatly increased,and the compound microbial fertilizer group had an increase,but the increase was relatively small,and the effect of the two bacterial fertilizers on soil catalase activity was small,but there was still a slight increase,and the bamboo fiber fertilizer was higher than that of the compound microbial fertilizer.Both bacterial fertilizers can significantly increase the chlorophyll content and relative water content of grape leaves,and the bamboo fi

关 键 词：竹纤维菌肥 葡萄 根际土壤 微生物量 酶活性 

分 类 号：S663.1[农业科学—果树学]